International Ballroom

Bachate is a unique dance that I have the privileged to learn in my PE-154 international ballroom dance class taught by professor Jane Edwards. This dance originated from the Dominican Republic. It can be difficult to identify the precise style of the Bachata due to the fact that are so many variations throughout the world. However, in all of these different styles throughout the world there are the same basic steps with a tap with hip movement on the 4th beat. The original style of Bachata was developed with the music in the 1950s and 1960s.This dance was well known in the countryside and rural neighborhoods. The creation of the Bachata is given credit to the servants of large households who were the first ones to use the movements and steps. Musicians would use everyday items like trash cans and fences to create music. The term Bachata is said to mean trash, however, other believe it is actually a word for party. For a time the Bachate was only affiliated with the poorer parts of D ominican society forcing these styles of dance only to be performed in the rougher parts of town like brothels and bars, which only further tarnished its name.Nevertheless, the increased popularity of the music eventually caused Bachata to be accepted by the upper classes of Dominican society. There also are some skeptics that believe that the dance was brought over from Italy from an Italian Ballata. Bachata is known to be connect the emotions of romance and heart ache. There are five main styles of Bachata, the Original, Traditional, Modern, Bachatango, and Ballroom. The original is the basic style that can alternate between an open and closed position.The traditional is a simpler style that was developed in the late 1990s with a basic steps side to side changing direction after every tap. The modern style began around 2005 and is an abbreviation of the â€Å"traditional† style. This still is believed to originate from Spain. The modern has the basic Bachata steps with the integration of salsa, tango, zouk-lambada, and ballroom. The bachatango it true to its name and is a mixture of Baracha and Tango. The Ballroom is a style used in various formal dance competitions and there is an extreme use of the hips all throughout the music.

Identify the types of fault that can occur Essay

The computer is completely dead A lot of machines are require you to press a power button on the back may sound bad and not many people try it so if it fails check the cable whether the fuse works you can test a fuse using a multi metre. If it does not work replace all the cable Computer keeps running on scandisk on start- up This usually is a result because the computer was switched off incorrectly it is probable that the installation of windows is damaged. A re installation could be a possible solution. Computer seems to start up normally but nothing appears on the screen Again, as ridiculous as it may sound check the cable; it may not be attached probably. Another obvious solution is to try whether the monitor is switched on. Windows installing errors Windows installer engine could be corrupted, installed incorrectly, or disabled this may cause installation issues. A reinstallation could well fix the issue but from a different source than the original download. Modem cuts off frequently Possible solution, you may have a call waiting on your line you need to  disable it to continue use of the modem Some programs like games don’t work on my computer This could be numerous things one of the most common occurrences is due to the fact game developers only make high end specification games of late. 9 times out of 10 people buy games while having the assumption that they will work on their pc. You should buy only the games that are able to run on your pc. Or you can upgrade your pc so it’s more future prove. Exe errors The quickest and easiest risk free method is by using professional software; The two software applications i recommend are â€Å"Error repair† and † XostspySE† I’ve re-installed windows and my sound/video/modem/printer is not working correctly A possible solution is that the devices may not be set up correctly. Windows does not shut down correctly or it restarts when it should shut down After doing some research i fount out the best solution is to go to â€Å"RUN† and then type in â€Å"MSCONFIG† Then click on â€Å"advanced† and then tick/untick â€Å"Enable fast shutdown† The next stage is to re-start the computer and see if it shuts down. If proved un successful then try the BIOS and disable ACPI. And this should resurrect the issue. Dll error There are numerous ways to fix DLL errors one way is to download a â€Å"DLL Repair tool† and follow these steps download the â€Å"Dll repair tool† click the â€Å"scan† button and then click the â€Å"repair† button to fix any errors. Another solution would be to re-install again. Source technical information to provide advice and guidance for a variety of faults (P4) Practical: Your tutor will create a number of scenarios in which you have to source technical information to provide advice and guidance for a variety of faults. Complete an activity log to show what actions youtook; you might also be observed during this process. Name of user Jonah Rossy Report date 11/04/2014 Machine identification details 76 Time to fix 15 minutes Nature of fault Computer seems to start up normally but nothing appears on the screen Diagnosis/Fault found The most usual problem with a computer but when the PC is actually does power on but doest display anything on the monitor. So when you see the lights on the computer case is probably hear fans running from inside, and may even hear sound but nothing shows up on the screen Remedial action taken I have checked the monitor computer cable, and then i have cleared the CMOS, by clearing the BIOS memory on the motherboard will return the bios setting to their factory default level. A bios miss configuration could be why your PC wont start-up all the way. Resources used : http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/topic/15682/ Completed by : Bogdan Filipciuc Date : 20/04/2014 Name of user Maria Beloni Report date 11/04/2014 Machine identification details 76 Time to fix 15 minutes Nature of fault The screen comes on ok when booting but unreadable when in windows Diagnosis/Fault found When the computer is booting on the display is unreadable. Remedial action taken Enter the BIOS; on Dell computer start pressing F2 button immediately booting your computer. In the BIOS use the down arrow to scroll to â€Å"Integrated Devices (Legacy Select Options). Press Enter Use down arrow to scroll to â€Å"On board Video Buffer† Press Space Bar once to change from 1MB to 8MB Press â€Å"Esc† to Exit Press â€Å"Esc† to Exit again Make sure that â€Å"Save Changes and Exit† is highlighted Press â€Å"Enter† Illegible Screen Problem Solved. Resources used : http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/topic/15682/ Completed by : Bogdan Filipciuc Date : 20/04/2014 Name of user Maria Beloni Report date 11/04/2014 Machine identification details 76 Time to fix 15 minutes Nature of fault A slow PC Diagnosis/Fault found The computer is running very slow Remedial action taken To fix the problem i have defrag the computer and also install and anti-virus, the virus have found lots of Trojans and now is safe. Also I have done all the updates and install a processor speed up. Resources used  : http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/topic/15682/ Completed by : Bogdan Filipciuc Date : 20/04/2014 Name of user Maria Beloni Report date 11/04/2014 Machine identification details 76 Time to fix 15 minutes Nature of fault Some programs like games don’t work on my computer Diagnosis/Fault found The games don’t work on the computer because of the display. Remedial action taken Multiple displays, especially extended Desktops across different resolutions, can cause problems resulting in performance issues ranging from rare freezes to total failures. Often setting to run in Windowed Mode will get an instance going and depending on your video configuration and drivers/software you’re running getting a full screen instance up could be as simple as a check box option to clone displays in the Video control software Resources used : http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/topic/15682/ Completed by : Bogdan Filipciuc Date : 20/04/2014 Name of user Maria Beloni Report date 11/04/2014 Machine identification details 76 Time to fix 15 minutes Nature of fault Can’t get the pound sign to work other keys come up with the wrong Symbols? Diagnosis/Fault found The pound sign don’t work because the layout of the keyboard is American so it has to be changed in UK version or European Remedial action taken To fix the problem I have used control panel -> regional and language options -> languages -> details first try ‘key settings’ and unclick the boxes to swap between keyboards. And the now you can get the sysmbols Resources used : http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/topic/15682/ Completed by : Bogdan Filipciuc Date : 20/04/2014 Name of user Maria Beloni Report date 11/04/2014 Machine identification details 76 Time to fix 15 minutes Nature of fault Blue screen of death Diagnosis/Fault found A Blue Screen of Death, also called a STOP Error, will appear when an issue is so serious that Windows must stop completely. Remedial action taken I have verified that a minimum amount of free space is available on your Windows partition. Blue Screens of Death and other serious issues, like data corruption, can occur if there’s not enough free space on your  primary partition used for the Windows operating system. So I have to maintain at least 100MB of free space but I regularly see problems with free space that low. I usually advise Windows users to keep at least 15% of a drive’s capacity free at all times. Resources used : http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/topic/15682/ Completed by : Bogdan Filipciuc Date : 20/04/2014 Name of user Maria Beloni Report date 11/04/2014 Machine identification details 76 Time to fix 15 minutes I’ve re-installed windows and my sound/video/modem/printer is not working correctly Diagnosis/Fault found The sound, video, modem and printer don’t work Remedial action taken To fix the problem with the sound, video, modem and printer I have installed patches for each one and restart the computer and everything is working perfectly. Resources used : http://www.hardwareanalysis.com/content/topic/15682/ Completed by : Bogdan Filipciuc Date : 20/04/2014 Judge the value of different sources of support material (M3) Having completed a number of fault finding activities set up by your tutor, judge the value and validity of different sources of support material to which you referred during the process. Present your findings as a referenced appendix to you fault records. Grading Tips: Make sure that you accessed a number of different  sources for a given fault; don’t just rely on one source.

Discipline a Child Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discipline a Child - Research Paper Example The aim of any discipline is to set reasonable and realistic expectations. Disciplining a child often aims at protecting the child from harmful behavior and to impart education. It is a fact that children are sensitive and they require freedom to grow and learn. However, they cannot thrive on unlimited freedom as it will just hamper their growth of intelligence. For a child to grow up to be a responsible, conscious, respectable and dependable adults, he/ she should learn the moral, ethics and social norms that are considered acceptable by the society from their parents. Children who are brought up without any discipline tend to be selfish, greedy, dishonest and unfit for social interactions. Most of the undisciplined children often become destructive and aggressive adults. Children should be disciplined right from the start. However, the discipline techniques used by the parents or the guardians should be considered carefully as it can have a great impact on the child. Disciplining a child using abusive language, extreme physical violence or embarrassing the child should not be done as these can lead to negative development on the child. There are several ways for parents to discipline their children. Some of the common ways of disciplining a child are: spanking, yelling, punishing and embarrassing the child. ... Punishing them for their wrong deeds is one of the best ways to discipline them. But, punishment should not be harsh or cruel. In any form of disciplining a child, it is important to have complete control and to draw a line between torture and discipline. Spanking children to discipline them is one of the most debated topics in today’s world. Many people are now equating spanking to corporal punishment. On the other hand, many parents are in favor of spanking their kids to yield desired results on their behavior. There are many researchers who believed that spanking is harmful for the Childs development and many researchers are also in favor of spanking children. According to said Lisa Berlin, who is the lead author and research scientist at the Center for Child and Family Policy at Duke University, spanking is not an effective technique to discipline a child. She explained that spanking infants and toddlers, is not the answer to instill the right behavior in a child as they d o not understand anything about what is right, wrong or even punishment to really benefit from being spanked by their parents. Lisa Berlin and her colleagues’ research confirmed that children who were spanked from early years (as early as 1 year) are more aggressive and they are less likely to perform well as compared to other children who are not spanked. Lisa Berlin also added that previous research had also concluded that children who are spanked by their parents are more likely to be younger, less educated, depressed and stressed in their adult life. Discipline is an important and essential component in children developmental process. However, it should be done with extreme care as children lack the knowledge and understanding of the world around them.

Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Civil War - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the American civil war, generally known as â€Å"The Civil war†, was fought in the period of 1861-1865. The Civil war burst out between the American state (the United States of America) and Southern slave states (‘Confederates’), which declared secession and rebelled against America; one of many triggering causes for that was slavery and poor lifestyle. The war centered in the areas of Mississippi and the Appalachian Mountains. President Lincoln had to face many challenges and embarrassments in the Western theatre of the civil war. The primary disaster for the United States’ federal army came when Lincoln planned to launch a campaign to get Mississippi as it was of primary and paramount strategic importance.   Lincoln thought that Vicksburg, Mississippi, would be a key to success if the American army managed to get through mountains. He ordered General Grant to move with around 32,000 men in the parallel of Mississippi river where other 40,000 men would meet him to start a joint offensive. But supply line of Grant was cut and the mission was foiled. This is considered as one of the major setbacks in the western theatre of war.   Another major military embarrassment was the Battle of Shiloh when Confederate forces  attacked the federal army on April 6. There were casualties of around 13,000 shot down dead out of 63,000 soldiers who took part in the battle, and the main reason behind this was that the exhausted federal army troops did not retreat in time.... In the spring of 1863, Abraham Lincoln ordered another attack to gain Mississippi. This campaign was going to be the turning point of war as the confederate forces had foiled a great attempt from the state army to get the mountain of Mississippi which was regarded as a place of great military and strategic significance in the western theatre of war. This time the state army did not risk themselves by routing a supply line from the northwest of Mississippi rather they used the dirt roads from the western sides which were drying after the rains. With the help of US navy boats and some massive supply routes, they were able to get the mountain of Mississippi. This campaign is regarded as a great success for the American army. On 10 April 1865, General Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, of the confederate army surrendered to the State army. This surrender is regarded as the key turning point in the civil war as it magnified the social division inside the con federate states and the morale went down which started the psychological defeat process of the confederate army in the region2. Question 3 Accompanying the highest number of casualties, the civil war came with many blood bathed war theatres and battles were very less decisive with self-depicted results of these battles. Some of the examples from the war history are given below which show that the primary intentions of many battles were not achieved; rather foiled at the end. After a great rest at Tullahoma, General Rosecrans planned to flush out General Bragg of the confederate army out of Chattanooga, a great strategic place having the high mountain areas which can be

The Fisher King and Lost in Translation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Fisher King and Lost in Translation - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that in the movie ‘Fisher King’ sound is at the heart of the story of Jack Lucas, who was a radio personality. As a radio personality, he connected with his audience via sound. Sound and music were the vehicles with which he propelled his radio career. At the start of the movie, we see Jack using canned sounds in order to stage his show, to cue his callers and to basically project a kind of online personality that was intelligent, quick thinking, and generally upbeat. The use of certain tracks such as ‘Hit the Road Jack’ seems handpicked to convey a kind of carefree attitude, and it is unfortunate that this carefree attitude also resulted in Jack giving a piece of advice that he did not reflect much about, but which led to the caller translating what Jack said literally and open-firing on a crowd in a yuppie restaurant. It turns out that Robin Williams was there with his wife, and it was because of Jack’s advice that Robin Williams’ wife was killed by gunfire. Here the diegetic sounds at the beginning are canned but very relevant to the story. One can see too that the lyrics to the song ‘Hit the Road Jack’ seem in hindsight to have been a premonition of things to come for the man. He would literally hit the road after being traumatized by the shooting in the restaurant, realizing that is was his advice on the radio that led the man to commit the crime. He had been undone by a sense of guilt and went on a downward spiral. In a later scene, with Jack trying to get Parry hooked up with Lydia, the movie again resorts to this diegetic formula in the form of Jack staging a â€Å"radio show†-like audio atmosphere to get Lydia to sign up to Anne’s video service. Again here the diegetic elements are orchestrated to reinforce the fundamental messages and themes of the story, of Jack using a radio show atmosphere to redeem himself from the rest aurant massacre that he believed he had a part in, by coaxing the caller/murderer with ill-conceived nonchalant advice. The radio show formula is the key diegetic element in this part of the movie.

International Financial Management - Assignment Question Essay - 1

International Financial Management - Assignment Question - Essay Example Each party in the venture is given roles and liabilities upon the occurrence of the foreseen risk (Kumar 2007). Bento, J. P. C., 2009. Economic integration, international trade and the role of foreign direct investment : the case of Portuguese manufacturing. Berlin : Distributed in North America by Transaction Publishers. A rein-voicing center is a department or a subsidiary of a multinational company where all transactions happening inside the firm are centralized and foreign currency liabilities and receivables are netted (Kumar 2007). A merger is a situation where two or more firms come together to form one expanded business. On the other hand, an acquisition is a situation where one firm takes over business operations of another firm and becomes the new owner (Kumar 2007). Bento, J. P. C., 2009. Economic integration, international trade and the role of foreign direct investment : the case of Portuguese manufacturing. Berlin : Distributed in North America by Transaction Publishers. The first advantage of mergers and acquisitions is that it helps a company to expand its market. They also help a company to enjoy the economies of scale and have increased efficiency in their operations (Kumar 2007). Mergers and acquisitions also help a company to reduce on tax and legal implications. A situation where a firm with a high profitability takes over a company with low profitability helps it to reduce the tax liability. In addition to this, a company gains high competitiveness, expands its industry know how and positioning and increases profitability (Kumar 2007). Mergers and acquisitions also have some disadvantages. They suffer from such things like decreased corporate performance and services, lowered industry innovation, decline in equity pricing, decline in investment value, increase in costs to consumers and they suppress competing businesses (Reuvid and Sherlock 2011). Expanding to new

Evaluating Adtopia (Advertising and Utopia) Essay

Evaluating Adtopia (Advertising and Utopia) - Essay Example Hummer: A High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) with supreme off road ability, and a major league attention getter. You can go from being an outcast to a winner with this non-environmental friendly vehicle. This ad attempts to describe a driver's utopia, an advertising promise. When in reality, the Hummer as many other vehicles, pollute the environment, destroy the landscape and may be responsible for injury or death. Could the Hummer in many ways be a secret war on humanity This ad gives the idea that the Hummer is the ultimate off road warrior. However, it drives poorly on the street, and there is no room for such a big vehicle with low power at such a high price. It needs are roads with dirt or mud, preferably with rain or snow. If you live on a farm, a ranch or in the desert, it is one unstoppable and indestructible vehicle but if you live in the city where most of us live, the Hummer is only useful for getting you around the city. The utopia in this ad does identify with the fantasy, idealization and an image of impossible perfection. However, it is evidence that the Hummer is another utopia that has gone sour. Budweiser: Because Budweiser, the nation's most widely consumer alcohol beverage has lost ground recently to liquor and wine, the brewing company seeks a more stylish image for its beer. These ads display new and unusual packing, and are placed in bars and restaurant to create a sense of utopia which Sam Adam as managed to successfully convey. As you mentioned, everyone in the ad is having a great time in such happy togetherness. Negatives of alcoholism, fighting, hangovers and discrimination are absent. The ads do exclude the unattractive, elderly and obese and only contain those who are attractive. But hoping to make its existing products seem more distinctive and without changing the content of the ads, Budweiser new ads are chic and the colorful aluminum bottles give the product a funky post-modern look. The ads give the product a hip, retro-chic appearance. How impressive Though alcohol is harmful to health, through advertising, the brewer has achieved utopia with its more sophisticated, upscale image. Red Lobster: Great service, good seafood where a family can share a plate of crab legs and discuss the topic of the day. Girlfriends can meet to gossip while dipping lobster tails in butter and keeping track of who is doing what. Without the use of people in their commercials, Red Lobster's ads make this connection possible. You are absolutely correct in your observation: endless quantity, no consequences for eating, no people in the commercial, and the relationship with food is significant. But these ads show an extraordinary sense of utopia. In my experience at Red Lobster, the food was delicious and this ad was excellent in delivering my experience. The commercial revealed clues as to where quality and quantity reside. It was a remembered utopian experience. Walt Disney: Welcome to happiest place on earth: Walt Disney World. The television commercials all advertise the utopia that Walt Disney has managed to build. Such ads boast the perfect week, fun for the whole family, not just the kids. These ads typically show a family of four-mother, father, and children-laughing, smiling, and enjoying their time at Walt

Airline Industry Competitive Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Airline Industry Competitive Analysis - Essay Example Its use is expected to decline by a minimal figure from 45% to 43% in the coming decades but will further find suitable use. It is suggested that the aerospace manufacturing utilizes an estimated 950 million pounds in raw materials annually. The figure is expected to heighten by half in the subsequent years. The use of Aluminum and steel will further advance as they provide the quality and strength needed to sustain overall development of the sector as stipulated by the government. Composites including glass-fiber and carbon has increased and will further accelerate annually experiencing a 10% utility. Titanium and nickel are other metal that find their application to boost overall productivity of the industry. With these trends there lies a provision that dictates the amount of materials needed to be applied to achieve maximum returns. A steady rise in the overall growth would determine the quality of material applied in the production. The US airline has grown massively with its stressing on the need to produce quality products that abide to the set moral standards. With more input of the raw materials in the production process, maximum returns are

The American Dream Essay Example for Free

The American Dream Essay What is the American Dream? There are a myriad of aspects to it, but one general idea: the ideal life. It is making a lot of money, being respected, and triumphing difficult situations. The American Dream has been pursued by many, but only few make it all the way. One very good example of the American Dream is Andrew Carnegie, the founder of what is known as U.S. Steel. Carnegie was born in Scotland to a poor family. As a teen, he emigrated from Scotland to the United States. He was portrayed as a hard working individual who was very intelligent and disciplined. He took it upon himself to read and learn as much as he could. Carnegies first job was a telegraph messenger boy, and later upgraded to work for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company as a telegraph operator. His persevering work allowed him to quickly advance through the company, and he became the superintendent of the Pittsburgh Division. He continued making investments and made good profits throughout the civil war, and finally left Pennsylvania Railroad and started his own iron companies, eventually Keystone Bridge Works and Union Ironworks. Carnegie saw how bad the wooden railroads were, so he proceeded to slowly replace them with iron ones. Carnegies charm, perception, and hard work led to becoming one of the worlds most famous men of the time, and led to the first corporation in the world with a market capitalization in excess of one billion when he sold his companies to John Morgan who called them United States Steel Corporation. The rise from the poor boy in Scotland to the second richest man in America. He had plenty of initiative and persevered throughout his life to become what he wanted to be. He retired as one of the most respected men in the world, and he will be in the history books forever. He was polite, educated, wealthy, intelligent, respected, and perceptive. Andrew Carnegie lived the American Dream. This still holds true today, as many immigrants come to the United States for better, more successful life. This is what the states were founded upon, and, hopefully, will never die. Life, liberty, and the p ursuit of happiness. Overcoming all obstacles, becoming someone no one else is. Everyone dreams of the American Dream.

Research Methodology Essay Example for Free

Research Methodology Essay This chapter provides a description of the methods and procedure used in the study. The readers will be enlightened on how the researchers conducted this study. This compromises the methods and instruments that were used in data gathering, the respondents, the data gathering procedures and the statistical treatment of data. Research Method The descriptive method was chosen for this study because this looks at the phenomenon of the moment and then describes precisely what the researchers observed. This method is used to draw perceptions from the respondents. Descriptive research method refers to the method of collecting data for the purpose of describing existing conditions and situations or objective or people without their being influence by the investigator. (Guevarra, E and Nueva, F., 2003) There are two main sources of data, which are the primary and secondary. The primary sources of data were the responses of the respondents of Barangay San Miguel, Iriga City who gave their honest and accurate response with regard to the Effect of Socio-Cultural Activities. Respondents. The respondents of the study were composed of families residing at San Francisco, Iriga City. No. Of Respondents Percentage The data above presents the data of the respondents used in the study while the researchers were distributing the questionnaire to the respondents, at the same time, they took the opportunity to make follow up questions through a random, unstructured interview. Data Gathering Tools The researchers used a questionnaire checklist as a tool in gathering data. The questionnaire was constructed from the readings conducted by the researchers and from the internet.  Questionnaire. The first part is the personal data sheet, which was used to identify the respondents and their characteristics. The second part is the identification the Effects of Socio-Cultural Activities to Irigueà ±os. The third part is the Socio-Cultural activity that helps the economic growth of Iriga City. Fourth part is the proposed action plan to improve the Socio-Cultural Activities in Iriga City. Lastly, the fifth part is the statements of recommendations, which will allow the respondents to rank according to priority, give them the opportunity to suggest additional recommendations for the further improvement of Socio-Cultural Activities being provided to Irigueà ±os. Preparation of the Questionnaire. Using all the data gathered from related articles and readings about the Effects of Socio-Cultural Activities and after identifying all the activities that affects to Irigueà ±os, the researchers uses the said activities in building up questions and procedures that are necessary to know the effects of each activities. Validation of Questionnaire. For the validation of the questionnaire, a draft questionnaire was presented to the adviser for correction and revision. The revised copy was prepared for approval and a dry run followed by distributing to five advisers and twenty students who acted as respondents in order to check for its clarity and objectivity. A final copy of the tool was reproduced for distributions to the respondents. Administration and retrieval of the questionnaire. A formal request to undertake the study was sought from Barangay Captain to conduct the study among the target respondents. During the retrieval of the questionnaires, the researchers conducted informal interview to the respondents. The results of which were used to supplement to primary data. Data was then tabulated, organized, analyzed, and interpreted quantitatively. Unstructured Interview. The unstructured interview was conducted by the researchers to substantiate the finding gathered through questionnaires. It was done to have a direct conversation with the respondents Library Technique. The library technique was likewise be utilized in order to gather pertinent information from books, journals, thesis, dissertations and other existing document-based researches. Likewise, the researcher also gathered information available in  the internet which shows bearing to the research.

Reducing Bullying in the Nursing Environment

Reducing Bullying in the Nursing Environment Introduction Bullying is any repeated and systemic behaviour that expects to victimise, humiliate, undermine or threaten towards others, which can impact on physical and psychological well-being. Bullying has been considered as unaccepted workplace behaviour that affects occupational health and safety, and should not be tolerate in any form (Ref). This paper will provide an analytical discussion of the relevant literature of bulling in nursing environment. Rationale regards to the need of changing management plan will be outlined. The plan will utilise Lewins three steps of change theory as a guide to modify the specific phase of change. In addition, it will address the strategies for evaluating the plan outcomes. Finally, this paper will conclude insightfully highlighting main concerns about decreasing bullying behaviour in nursing environment. Literature review Workplace bullying exists in every professional. Particularly, bullying in healthcare environment has been internationally recognised and researched. 70% of US registered nurses who participant in a survey reported being bullied at work. 87% of Turkish nurses stated being bullied in another nursing survey (Ref-Barbara S. Broome). In addition, UK health care reported that recent evidence showed 85% of nurses have been involved in bullying or witnessed a bullying (Ref-Malcolm A. Lewis) and (Ref-Sharon J. Stagg) found 40% of participants never reported bullying in their study. (Ref-A typology of bullying behaviours) state that due to lack of descriptive standard to identify bullying behaviours, which leads to less of effective interventions for reducing bullying behaviours. In addition, the absence of identification of bullying behaviours, bullying acts may be commonly interpreted as office policies or personality differences. The consequences of bullying acts are seriously impact on many aspects, which include nurses, organizations and patients. According to (Ref-Michelle Cleary), the current working environment in health care setting is oriented to maintain safe practices at the meantime also to achieve effectiveness outcomes in day-to-day patients care management. Therefore, under this pressure, it is more likely to create a blaming environment. Nurses who work in a climate of bullying may lead to job dissatisfaction, which, in a way that nurses may resist come to work or call sick leave to avoid facing bullies, and present low productivity in the wards. The bulling acts may impact on both physical and psychological wellbeing, which the frequent outcomes for bullying are headaches, stress, irritability, anxiety, sleep disturbance, excessive worry, impaired social skills, depression, fatigue, loss of concentration, helplessness, psychosomatic complaints, and post-traumatic stress disorder (Ref-Michelle C leary). In addition, the bullied employees from (Ref-LARS JOHAN HAUGE)s study express that they feel more role ambiguity and conflicts in the working environment, therefore, they have less social contact and communicate with colleagues that leads to poor job control and poor management. (Ref-Terri Townsend) states that up to 70% of bullied nurses leave the job, 60% of new RNs quit their first job in 6 months and a third of new graduate nurses think they choose the wrong career. (Ref-Terri Townsend) also introduce a term survivor syndrome, which means bullied nurses would either to quit the job to find another healthier work environment or adapt to the bullying behaviours as part of the culture and become a bully or bystander. When the nurses leave this professional as a result of bullying, the organization has to spend more money for recruitment and re-orientation for new nurses to replace the position. Furthermore, resulting from frequent nursing staff turnover the customer satisf action will decrease and patients may not get continuous care which may impact on patients safety issues (Ref-Michelle Cleary). (Ref- John S. Murray) expresses that the most common reason of nurses may bully others is the need of being in control of everything in the work environment. (Ref- Barbara S. Broome) also states these bullies are narcissistic. Their personality characterized as controlling and manipulative, which means that they like to dominate in interpersonal relationships. These people are self-centred that indicates low empathy, and they normally do not feel guilt over the time by bullying others. Another point of view from (Ref- Workplace bullying in nursing), they believe the educational system foster a belief that the dominate group (normally are senior staffs) is superior and the oppressed group (normally are new staffs) is inferior, therefore, the inferior has to obtain the demand from the superior. (Ref- John S. Murray) also points out that the organization may connive the bullying behaviours in some cases, due to the bullies are senior managers or staffs. The bullies are protected instead of the victims, which has prompted the bullying behaviours existing in the healthcare environment. Many studies have suggested that the organization has to establish zero tolerance policy and legislation to reduce bullying behaviours in healthcare settings (Ref-John S. Murray, Barbara S. Broome, Workplace bullying in nursing). (Ref- Barbara S. Broome) suggest that education will help nurses to recognize the bullies and bullying behaviours and provide strategies to eliminate bullying, meanwhile, they state that education on bullying should not only be provided in work environment but also be implemented in universities and continuing education program that empower new graduates to identify bullying behaviours. In addition, Hutchinson (2009) states the current approaches to bullying are remedial, corrective, regulatory and restorative. Remedial and corrective strategies are focus on individual aspect, to provide counselling to the victim, to mediate between perpetrator and target, and to educate and modify the perpetrators behaviours. Regulatory and restorative strategies are focus on organizational aspect, to provide prohibitive statements about bullying and to make the perpetrator to make amends (Hutchinson 2009). These strategies are more focus on punishing and blaming the perpetrator which has shown ineffectiveness on reduction of bullying. Hutchinson (2009) proposes another strategy named shared responsibility: a restorative approach to bullying, which will not focus on criticising the perpetrator but make the bullying behaviours at the centre. Ref recommend that two parties and their supporters need to come together to discuss the bullying situation, share the concern, share the solution of what can do to repair the harm and what can be done to prevent bullying behaviours in the future. It is important to learn forgiveness and create a non-blaming and non-judgemental working environment (Hutchinson 2009). Rationale for plan The reason to prompt the change management plan is several complaints from anonymous staffs that they feel being bullied by verbal humiliated, given more workload or hidden information from other staffs, which they have expressed their experience like: My preceptor rolled her eyes and looked at me like I was stupid every time I asked her a question. I finally stopped asking. Doesnt she realize Ive only been a nurse for 3 weeks? (Ref- Terri Townsend) Our new manager didn’t like me from the start. Within a month, she was assigning me more and more extra tasks until I couldn’t get them all done. When I tried to talk to her about my workload, she said I should be able to handle it because I was the one with the master’s degree. Later she fired me, stating I didn’t meet our department’s expectations, even though I had several complimentary letters from patients and other managers. (Ref- Terri Townsend) In addition, in those complaints, some have mentioned that they dont feel comfortable to work with certain people, thus, they called sick leave, which has alerted the management that the level of care has been decreased due to patients dissatisfaction and shortage of nursing staffs in the ward that cannot provide effective nursing care. The nursing co-ordinator from the ward has stated that she has to call more agency nurses to replace the regular staffs, whereas, this ward has almost reached the agency budget. If nurse has resigned from the facility as a result of bullying, this may cause financial burden to the organization. The organization has to pay for recruitment, training sections and orientation for new nurses, which leads approximately $15,000 directly extra cost per nurse (Ref- Reiter). Therefore, the rationale for the change management plan would be decrease the incident of bullying, increase bedside nurses retention and increase job satisfaction, which may indirect to improve customer satisfaction as a result of increased level nursing care, decrease financial burden to the facility and build up a better reputation for this facility in the industry. Change Management Plan The change management plan will be guided by Lewins change management model, which includes three phrases: unfreeze, change and refreeze. Unfreeze Identification of what has to be changed needs to be determining in this phrase (Ref- Mind Tools). As the anonymous complaints have come to my attention, these complaints will be considered as feedbacks regarding bullying behaviours in this organization. An initial survey will be conducted throughout the facility to address staffs awareness of bullying and if they willing to make a change in the work environment. A second anonymous survey will also be conducted to gather personal experiences and attitudes from bedside nurses about work related bullying and how they deal with the bullying behaviours. The surveys allow the management to understand the current perception and interaction of bullying within this organization and also motivate staff to be involved in this changing process. Another key to change is to make the organization to implement the plan, which means we have to motivate the organization to accept the idea of change is necessary for the facility and support the change (Ref- Mind Tools). The feedback from the staffs has indicated that the bullying behaviours have affected the nurses performance in daily nursing care. Bullying has decreased the nursing staffs productivity, which leads the quality of care has decreased. Customer satisfaction has decreased as a result form patients cannot receive adequate level of care, in a way that the organizations reputation would damaged. In addition, the nursing coordinator and the human resource manager expressed that high turnover rate in nursing staff, which has directly made the organization cost extra money for each replacement of nursing position. Therefore, in order to maintain reputation, quality of care and reduce financial burden, the organization has to make a change management plan. Change The transition from unfreeze to change will not happen quickly as staffs and the organization has to take time to adapt and accept the new ways of working. In this phrase, people may have questions about the process, such as what is coming and who will be benefit. Clear explanations and honest approach will help dispel rumours (Ref- Mind Tools). As the nursing coordinator and I will explain the coming events , which will include developing zero tolerance policy and legislation, providing education sessions to address workplace bullying and establishing pathway to report bullying behaviours. Staffs may be afraid of being punished because of bullying. Therefore, shared responsibility: a restorative approach to bullying from Hutchinson (2009) would be a useful theory to learn. It is also important to inform employees that the plan aims at the behaviours, not to criticise or punish people. The outcome of the change management plan would be create a non blaming nursing culture in this fac ility, which the nursing staffs will have a nice working environment and prompt them to stay in the profession. The organization will be benefit from the retention of nursing staffs, which reduces costs as a result from nursing turnover. Empowering the involvement is also important for the changing process. In-services sessions will be held to provide an opportunity for employers and employees to have a face-to-face discussion of identification of bullying and how to deal with bullying, which allow both parties being participate in the process, promote understanding between each party and promote the transition to adapt to the workplace culture smoothly (Ref- Mind Tools). In addition, to establish a pathway of reporting bullying will help the management immediately react to any bulling behaviour that can develop new experiences and attitudes toward dealing with bullying. Refreeze In this phrase, the change has adapted to the nursing culture in this facility and we need to develop ways to maintain the effectiveness of change within the facility. For instant, encouraging the nurses unite managers to take the leadership and support their nursing staffs in each ward, frequently collecting feedback from staffs regarding on bullying experiences and running workshops or simulations to keep staffs knowledge about bullying is up to date. Strategies The aim of auditing is to promote and share best practices in order to provide effective care in daily basis. Developing an auditing is not to criticise poor practices, but by analysing the poor practices will help nurses know and realize what goes wrong and what cloud do better in patients care, in a sense that this will prevent the same incident happen again (Ref- Cummins). Therefore, using auditing is the way to assess the outcomes of the change plan. The short term outcomes of audit may show high rate of bullying, the reason would be the nursing staffs are more able to identify the bullying acts in the work environment. However, we would expect that the incident rate would not go up in the long term period. Feedback from nursing staffs will hopefully provide positive responses regarding to bullying, which can motivate the organization to utilize further education on bullying to improve nursing environment. Survey can also be conducted to collect the objective data, which indicate that how nursers feel the change management plan affects their daily performances. Conclusion Bullying is a widespread issue in workplace, in order to make a change management plan that it has to base on evidence support. When innovate a new management, creating the motivation is the first step has to be contemplated, which means the organization accepts the change and the staffs are willing to involve into the new plan. Open and honest approach needs to use to deliver the change as the effective communication can dispel any question or rumour from staffs. Initial supports from the stockholder will empower people to be involved. The consolidation of the change in the current culture involves ongoing support, monitoring and education programs, which increasing the chance of the change becomes norm. References Reiter, M., Young, A., Adamson, C. (2008). Decrease new graduate nurse orientation costs by using HESI exit exam scores. Journal of Nursing Administration, 37(10), 459-463. http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_94.htm Cummins, F. (2006). Using auditing to enhance and improve practice. Nursing Residential Care, 8(1), 37-39.

Side Effects of Antidepressants Essay -- Medical Depression Psychology

Side Effects of Antidepressants Side effects have played a significant role in the development of SSRI’s. The first drug, iproniazid, was developed to fight tuberculosis in the early 1950's, and had a noticeable side effect on mood elevation. Soon it was known as a "happy drug". This drug immediately gained attention from physicians and depression researchers. At that time the only drug on the market for depression was opium, which was a highly addictive substance (Turkington 49-50). Ten years of specific drug research to identify different models of nerve transmissions and tailoring chemicals to affect these processes resulted in the development of Prozac (Turkington,61). "Eli Lilly and Co.'s (Prozac's manufacturer) official product information acknowledges that tremors alone occur in 10% of patients on Prozac. Any side effect occurring in 1% or more of patients is acknowledged as "frequent" by the pharmaceutical industry (Glenmullen). Some of these side effects that have been reported are feelings of jitteriness, sleep problems "tardive dyskinesia," and "sexual dysfunction". Other side effects from Prozac include weight gain, tiredness, increased appetite, feeling weak, sore throat, and trouble with concentration (Smith). Side effects of antidepressants fall in three different categories: sedation; dry mouth, blurry vision, constipation, urinary problems, increased heart rate, and memory problems; and dizziness on standing up, orthostatic hypotension. Those that interfere with dopamine, such as Effexor and Asendin, may produce movement disorders and endocrine system changes. Blocking serotonin may create stomach problems, insomnia, and anxiety. The newer drug... ...r, and it's been great." References Boyles, S. (2005). Mixed results on antidepressants and suicide. Web MD. News Feb, 18. Janicak, P. G.,& Davis, J.M. (2001). Principles and practice of psychopharmacotherapy (3rd ed.). New York: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins. Glenmullen, J. (2000). Prozac: pro and Con,WebMD Feature June,2. Mason, S. E. (2002). Prozac and crime: Who is the victim? American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,72(3)445-455. Rivas-Vazquez, R. A., & Blais, M.A. (2000). Sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressant treatment. Professional Psychology: Research and practice,31(6)641-651. Smith, M. (2003). Medication for bipolar depression. Approved WebMD Medical News December, 29. Turkington, C.A., & Kaplan, E.F. (1994). Making the prozac decision: Your guide to antidepressants. Los Angeles: Lowell House.

Peaches Essay -- Literary Analysis, Reginald McKnight

In the story â€Å"Peaches†, Reginald McKnight introduces his main characters, one being Marcus. Marcus is a good guy, but he is described in different ways, due to his eagerness or insecurities. Throughout the work, author Reginald McKnight takes great care to illustrate situations and describe feelings and personalities that many men experience. This way, even though Marcus is having trouble controlling himself around other people and arrogant at times, he still tries to be a better person for Rita and for himself. He does this by going out of the country to experience other cultures and enhance his morals. On one level Marcus demonstrates that he is incredibly confident, but on the other level he shows signs of being insecure, manipulative, and overall an unstable man who may or may not be capable of achieving change. Marcus’ actions continually demonstrate how confident he is. Whether he is next door or across the country, Marcus always has his eyes set out for Rita. While, he claims â€Å"I have had relationships with Black women and Hispanic women, and Asian women† (75), thinking his experiences with other women instantly make him capable of understanding Rita. He is so eager to obtain her that he fails to see her as an individual. To Marcus, past experiences are enough to attain a healthy relationship. According to Marcus, he had â€Å"been through this before† (75) and told Rita she could tell him anything, thinking it had to do with a cultural gap. In fact, Marcus said to Rita, â€Å"You can tell me. I think I’d understand† (75). His confidence paired with his need for Rita’s recognition and approval makes it appear that his confidence may be only surface deep. Marcus himself is insecure, and like most guys he is constantly over thinkin... ... In creating a character so confident, insecure, manipulative, and unstable, Reginald McKnight also creates a character we can sympathize with. McKnight created a sense that Marcus was a confident individual, who set himself apart from society, but in doing so, he set himself up for failure. Where the one woman who could make all the difference began to fear him. Once that happened, everything went downhill as soon as Marcus began to dismiss Ritas response at any given point. Whether or not he was fully aware, Marcus built walls around him and avoided speaking about his personal life with any sort of depth. This, if anything, makes us aware that negative remarks and statements can lead to a very negative result. We are forced to form our own conclusion and conform to the fact that no matter how many miles away, one person may never change. Peaches Essay -- Literary Analysis, Reginald McKnight In the story â€Å"Peaches†, Reginald McKnight introduces his main characters, one being Marcus. Marcus is a good guy, but he is described in different ways, due to his eagerness or insecurities. Throughout the work, author Reginald McKnight takes great care to illustrate situations and describe feelings and personalities that many men experience. This way, even though Marcus is having trouble controlling himself around other people and arrogant at times, he still tries to be a better person for Rita and for himself. He does this by going out of the country to experience other cultures and enhance his morals. On one level Marcus demonstrates that he is incredibly confident, but on the other level he shows signs of being insecure, manipulative, and overall an unstable man who may or may not be capable of achieving change. Marcus’ actions continually demonstrate how confident he is. Whether he is next door or across the country, Marcus always has his eyes set out for Rita. While, he claims â€Å"I have had relationships with Black women and Hispanic women, and Asian women† (75), thinking his experiences with other women instantly make him capable of understanding Rita. He is so eager to obtain her that he fails to see her as an individual. To Marcus, past experiences are enough to attain a healthy relationship. According to Marcus, he had â€Å"been through this before† (75) and told Rita she could tell him anything, thinking it had to do with a cultural gap. In fact, Marcus said to Rita, â€Å"You can tell me. I think I’d understand† (75). His confidence paired with his need for Rita’s recognition and approval makes it appear that his confidence may be only surface deep. Marcus himself is insecure, and like most guys he is constantly over thinkin... ... In creating a character so confident, insecure, manipulative, and unstable, Reginald McKnight also creates a character we can sympathize with. McKnight created a sense that Marcus was a confident individual, who set himself apart from society, but in doing so, he set himself up for failure. Where the one woman who could make all the difference began to fear him. Once that happened, everything went downhill as soon as Marcus began to dismiss Ritas response at any given point. Whether or not he was fully aware, Marcus built walls around him and avoided speaking about his personal life with any sort of depth. This, if anything, makes us aware that negative remarks and statements can lead to a very negative result. We are forced to form our own conclusion and conform to the fact that no matter how many miles away, one person may never change. Peaches Essay -- Literary Analysis, Reginald McKnight In the story â€Å"Peaches†, Reginald McKnight introduces his main characters, one being Marcus. Marcus is a good guy, but he is described in different ways, due to his eagerness or insecurities. Throughout the work, author Reginald McKnight takes great care to illustrate situations and describe feelings and personalities that many men experience. This way, even though Marcus is having trouble controlling himself around other people and arrogant at times, he still tries to be a better person for Rita and for himself. He does this by going out of the country to experience other cultures and enhance his morals. On one level Marcus demonstrates that he is incredibly confident, but on the other level he shows signs of being insecure, manipulative, and overall an unstable man who may or may not be capable of achieving change. Marcus’ actions continually demonstrate how confident he is. Whether he is next door or across the country, Marcus always has his eyes set out for Rita. While, he claims â€Å"I have had relationships with Black women and Hispanic women, and Asian women† (75), thinking his experiences with other women instantly make him capable of understanding Rita. He is so eager to obtain her that he fails to see her as an individual. To Marcus, past experiences are enough to attain a healthy relationship. According to Marcus, he had â€Å"been through this before† (75) and told Rita she could tell him anything, thinking it had to do with a cultural gap. In fact, Marcus said to Rita, â€Å"You can tell me. I think I’d understand† (75). His confidence paired with his need for Rita’s recognition and approval makes it appear that his confidence may be only surface deep. Marcus himself is insecure, and like most guys he is constantly over thinkin... ... In creating a character so confident, insecure, manipulative, and unstable, Reginald McKnight also creates a character we can sympathize with. McKnight created a sense that Marcus was a confident individual, who set himself apart from society, but in doing so, he set himself up for failure. Where the one woman who could make all the difference began to fear him. Once that happened, everything went downhill as soon as Marcus began to dismiss Ritas response at any given point. Whether or not he was fully aware, Marcus built walls around him and avoided speaking about his personal life with any sort of depth. This, if anything, makes us aware that negative remarks and statements can lead to a very negative result. We are forced to form our own conclusion and conform to the fact that no matter how many miles away, one person may never change.