Islam Karimov of Uzbekistan

Islam Karimov rules the Central Asian Republic of Uzbekistan with an iron fist. He has ordered soldiers to fire into unarmed crowds of protestors, routinely uses torture on political prisoners, and fixes elections to remain in power. Who is the man behind the atrocities? Early Life Islam Abduganievich Karimov was born on January 30, 1938 in Samarkand. His mother may have been an ethnic Tajik, while his father was Uzbek. Its not known what happened to Karimovs parents, but the boy was raised in a Soviet orphanage. Almost no details of Karimovs childhood have been revealed to the public. Education Islam Karimov went to public schools, then attended the Central Asian Polytechnic College, where he received an engineering degree. He also graduated from the Tashkent Institute of National Economy with an economics degree. He may have met his wife, economist Tatyana Akbarova Karimova, at the Tashkent Institute. They now have two daughters and three grandchildren. Work Following his university graduation in 1960, Karimov went to work at Tashselmash, an agricultural machinery manufacturer. The following year, he moved to the Chkalov Tashkent aviation production complex, where he worked for five years as a lead engineer. Entry into National Politics In 1966, Karimov moved into the government, starting as a chief specialist at the Uzbek SSR State Planning Office. Soon he was promoted to First Deputy Chairman of the planning office. Karimov was appointed Minister of Finance for the Uzbek SSR in 1983Â  and added the titles of Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Chairman of the State Planning Office three years later. From this position, he was able to move into the Uzbek Communist Partys upper echelon. Rise to Power Islam Karimov became the First Secretary of the Kashkadarya Province Communist Party Committee in 1986Â  and served for three years at that post. He was then promoted to First Secretary of the Central Committee for all of Uzbekistan. On March 24, 1990, Karimov became President of the Uzbek SSR. Fall of the Soviet Union The Soviet Union crumbled the following year, and Karimov reluctantly declared Uzbekistans independence on August 31, 1991. Four months later, on December 29, 1991, he was elected President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Karimov received 86% of the vote in what outside observers called an unfair election. This would be his only campaign against real opponents; those who ran against him soon fled into exile or disappeared without a trace. Karimovs Control of Independent Uzbekistan In 1995, Karimov held a referendum which approved extending his presidential term through the year 2000. Surprising nobody, he received 91.9% of the vote in the January 9, 2000 presidential race. His opponent, Abdulhasiz Jalalov, openly admitted that he was a sham candidate, only running to provide a facade of fairness. Jalalov also stated that he himself had voted for Karimov. Despite the two-term limit in Uzbekistans Constitution, Karimov won a third presidential term in 2007 with 88.1% of the vote. All three of his opponents began each campaign speech by heaping praise on Karimov. Human Rights Violations Despite huge deposits of natural gas, gold, and uranium, Uzbekistans economy is lagging. A quarter of the citizens live in poverty, and the per capita income is about $1950 per year. Even worse than the economic stress, though, is the governments repression of citizens. Free speech and religious practice are non-existent in Uzbekistan, and torture is systematic and rampant. Political prisoners bodies are returned to their families in sealed coffins; some are said to have been boiled to death in prison. The Andijan Massacre On May 12, 2005, thousands of people gathered for a peaceful and orderly protest in the city of Andijan. They were supporting 23 local businessmen, who were on trial for trumped-up charges of Islamic extremism. Many also had taken to the streets to express their frustration over social and economic conditions in the country. Dozens were rounded up, and taken to the same jail that housed the accused businessmen. Early the next morning, gunmen stormed the jail and released the 23 accused extremists and their supporters. Government troops and tanks secured the airport as the crowd swelled to some 10,000 people. At 6 pm on the 13th, troops in armored vehicles opened fire on the unarmed crowd, which included women and children. Late into the night, the soldiers moved through the city, shooting the injured who lay on the sidewalks. Karimovs government stated that 187 people were killed in the massacre. However, a doctor in the town said that she had seen at least 500 bodies in the morgue, and they were all adult men. The bodies of women and children simply disappeared, dumped into unmarked graves by the troops to cover up their crimes. Opposition members say that about 745 people were either confirmed killed or were missing after the massacre. Protest leaders also were arrested during the weeks following the incident, and many have not been seen again. In reaction to a 1999 bus hijacking, Islam Karimov had stated: Im prepared to rip off the heads of 200 people, to sacrifice their lives, in order to save peace and calm in the republic... If my child chose such a path, I myself would rip off his head. Six years later, in Andijan, Karimov made good his threat, and more.

What was the role of God in the writings of Descartes and...

What is the role of God in the writings of Descartes and Pascal? Both the idea of God and the existence of God play a major role in the writings of Descartes and Pascal. Both certainly appear to believe in him though they argue the case for his existence very differently and they also give Him a very different sort of role in their works. Whilst Descartes claims that he is certain of the existence of God, using a large part of his Discours de la mà ©thode pour bien conduire la raison, et chercher la verità © dans les sciences to prove the supreme being’s existence, Pascal’s approach to philosophy cannot allow anything to be certain. He instead asserts that he knows God and that, through the use of his famous Wager, it is better for anyone†¦show more content†¦Descartes’ second supposed proof for God’s existence also appears to be flawed, according to many of his contemporaries and later, Kant. Descartes likens the property of a triangle that stipulates that the sum of its angles must be 180 degrees to the sup posed property of God that he must exist. This is not so according to Kant who remarks that existing is not a property in the real world so therefore for God to exist in the real world, the world must also exist, a certainty that Descartes dismisses. He is therefore contradicting himself. Descartes’ attempts to prove the existence of God are arguably very flawed and they are more so in a modern, post-Darwin era where the watchmaker analogy has generally been reversed in its use. What is interesting though is Descartes’ position on God in Part V of Discours sur la mà ©thode. He suggests that in another, imaginary world, God would not need to exist and this imaginary world could be exactly the same as ours with its creation and continuation being dictated by laws of nature born of chaos rather than the influence of a Supreme Being. It would appear then as though Descartes’ view on God is that he is not necessary but he is certain, based on his adherence to the Bible, Genesis in particular, and his own reasoning. Undisputed belief in the Scripture and its ability to provide knowledge of Gods is one similarity that can be drawn between the twoShow MoreRelatedDescartes, Hobbes, and Pascal Essay examples1033 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes, Hobbes, and Pascal During the 17th and 18th century, religion, religious beliefs and most of all the religious leaders played a very influential role in the direction of politics. This was also a time when religion and politics played a large role in the direction of what was accepted as a result of the new discoveries in the natural sciences and in a time when there were some very influential writers, philosophers, scientists and mathematicians. At the time, these people wereRead More Blaise Pascal Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesBlaise Pascal We arrive at truth, not by reason only, but also by the heart(1) said Blaise Pascal, one of the greatest minds of the 17th Century. The 17th Century was the time of the scientific revolution. During this period the main idea for everyone, was to question everything not to just listen to what is told. This caused a transformation in thought in both religious and scientific areas. Science allowed the questioning of the teachings of the old church. Scientists battled with ideas inRead MoreModern vs. Pre-modern Essay example1064 Words   |  5 Pagesdifference between the modern and the pre-modern, and that would be to separate them by years. Unfortunately this would not be cut and dried; it would be a rough estimate because no one really knows when the change took place, or if there even was a change. What is known for sure is that things did change. The â€Å"â€Å"moderns† (became) set against â€Å"ancient† modes of thought and practice† (Shapin, p. 5), and t his led to a so-called scientific revolution. In science the old ways of the pre-modern world wereRead Moreexistentialism Essay3317 Words   |  14 Pagesand the feeling of rejection and rootlessness that Euro- peans felt during World War II and its aftermath. Existentialism’s focus on each person’s role in cre- ating meaning in their life was a major influence on the Phenomenological and Humanistic traditions in psychology and on the â€Å"human potential† move- ment that emerged from them. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) said, â€Å"Conquer your- self rather than the world.†. To modern existential- ists this means that the World itself has no real meaning orRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 Pagesoriginally developed in Ancient Greece. Beginning in the late 19th century, mathematicians such as Frege focused on a mathematical treatment of logic, and today the subject of logic has two broad divisions: mathematical logic (formal symbolic logic) and what is now called philosophical logic. †¢ Philosophy of mind deals with the nature of the mind and its relationship to the body, and is typified by disputes between dualism and materialism. In recent years there have been increasing similarities, betweenRead MoreCompilation of Mathematicians and Their Contributions11615 Words   |  47 Pagesreasoning applied to geometry. * Discovery that a circle is  bisected  by its diameter, that the base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal and that  vertical angles  are equal. * Accredited with foundation of the Ionian school of Mathematics that was a centre of learning and research. * Thales theorems used in Geometry: 1. The pairs of opposite angles formed by two intersecting lines are equal. 2. The base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal. 3. The sum of the angles in a triangleRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pages------------------------------------------------- Essentialism vs. Existentialism Essentialism: A belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsible

Interview about Personality Free Essays

I have conducted an interview with regards to someone’s personality. This paper intends to compare the interviewee’s answers to that of mine. It also aims to ask questions that are related to cognition, effects of culture on emotions, effects of gender on emotions, intelligence, learning, memory, motivation, personality, as well as, problem solving. We will write a custom essay sample on Interview about Personality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Allow me to first post the question, my friend’s response, and the last one to be placed is mine. 1) Question: Do you remember information more accurately if you observe the behavior? Or do you prefer to read how the behavior is performed? My Friend’s Answer: â€Å"I am more likely to remember if I have personally observed what happened† (White, 2008). â€Å"I cannot really explain it but I can better remember things that I have seen than if I only read it† (White, 2008). My Response: I am not very sure how to weigh it. My memory is extremely sharp that I can remember very well an occurrence that I have observed, as well as, a behavior that I have merely read. 2) Question: Do you prefer to study in the library? Or at home where it is noisy and distractions are present? My Friend’s Answer: â€Å"I prefer to study in places where I can concentrate a lot better, so yes, I prefer the library† (White, 2008). â€Å"I never really study at home because it is too noisy: first of all, there’s my brother who never seems to know how to tone down the volume of his computer’s speakers, television, or stereo; second, my younger sister and brother who always seem to be in an argument; and last but not least, my mom and dad who always discusses about several issues that interest them† (White, 2008). My Response: I prefer to stay at home. Although, there may be distractions at home, like the television, the radio, or the computers, and my family, I still prefer to study at home. I do not like it when it is too quite. For instance, in the library, not hearing anything at all, makes me go crazy, I will probably even fall asleep in there. I just feel so much better studying at home. 3) Question: Have you taken the Myers Briggs test? Would you mind sharing the result/s? My Friend’s Answer: Yes I already did take that test, the results stated that, â€Å"I am a slightly expressed introvert, that I have a slightly expressed sensing personality, a slightly expressed thinking personality, and a slightly expressed judging personality† (Humanmetrics, 2008). â€Å"According to the test, it means that I am an introvert, not sensible, not a thinker, and quite judging† (White, 2008). My Response: Yes, I took that test as well and the results were the following, â€Å"I am a slightly expressed extrovert, a slightly expressed sensing personality, a slightly expressed thinking personality, and a slightly expressed judging personality† (Humanmetrics, 2008). Simply put, it means that, I am an extravert somehow, not sensible, a bit of a thinker, and not a judging person (Humanmetrics, 2008). 4) Question: Do you feel that the Myers Briggs test results are accurate? Why/Why not? My Friend’s Answer: â€Å"For me, it was not accurate as the results did not actually match with my personality† (White, 2008). My Response: I can only agree with the interviewee’s claim. Mine did not match my personality as well. 5) Question: Which experiences do you feel contributed most in the development of your personality? My Friend’s Answer: â€Å"There are times when I am exceedingly impatient. There are also times when I would lash out at other people. I get irritated easily and get mad over trivial issues† (White, 2008). â€Å"Such personality of mine developed because I grew up with a terrible and violent grandfather, who actually lived with us for quite some time† (White, 2008). â€Å"I have witnessed how she would yell at my mom (his daughter) if money is being discussed about, for instance if he asks from her and my mom says no because she knows that the money will only be spent at the casino and other forms of gambling† (White, 2008). â€Å"When I was young, I even saw him hit my mother and my elder sister† (White, 2008). â€Å"When he lost his job, he began to borrow money from all sorts of people, and when he was not able to pay, these people pressed charges and that was also when he showed more aggression to everyone around him including my parents, sister, brother, and I (White, 2008). â€Å"This is why I turned emotionally unstable; there are times when I am extremely nervous and easily frustrated† (Meyers, 2004). The aforementioned experiences made me â€Å"disagreeable†, meaning, â€Å"ruthless, irritable, as well as, uncooperative† (Ticao, 2001). â€Å"Not to mention, the fact that I don’t seem to have enough drive and discipline; I felt hopeless about life every time I remember my grandfather† (White, 2008). My Response: I have encountered violence in my home as I grew up as well. But I never let myself get too engaged with such a negative occurrence. I did not allow myself to feel exceedingly fearful of such happenings. Lucky, I had the â€Å"ability to make a coping response†, if not I will probably become aggressive, impatient, irritable, uncertain, etc as well (Ticao, 2001). What I actually did was to make myself avoid thinking about my dark past and move on to the brighter side of everything. 6) Question: Do you feel that you are self-monitoring when it comes to attitude? How or how not? My Friend’s Answer: â€Å"I believe that I am not self-monitoring, this is because, I am sure that I won’t have a terrible personality and set of attitudes if I was actually one† (White, 2008). I could have watched myself better, regulated or controlled myself, and became a better individual if I only became self-monitoring† (White, 2008). My Response: I have always been monitoring myself. I weigh things, reflect on whatever happened to me, and learn from it. I use my experiences instead to do something about myself and avoid turning into a terrible individual. 7) Question: What was the strongest influence to your attitude? My Friend’s Answer: â€Å"I believe that the person who played a large role in molding the attitude/s that I possess now is my grandfather† (White, 2008). My Response: For me, all the people who showed aggression towards me played a role in who I am today and in what attitudes I now possess. I owe it to them how courageous and strong I am now. I have learned so much because of them. For instance, I am disciplined, driven, and motivated to improve the standards of my life because of the negative experiences that I have been faced with. 8) Question: What role does a person’s race, gender, or ethnicity play when forming that person’s personality and attitudes? My Friend’s Answer: â€Å"I believe that the aforementioned elements may have an effect on one’s personality and attitude† (Carson et. al., 1992). â€Å"For example, we all know that observing the behaviors of a particular race, gender, and ethnicity will already affect one’s attitude through what is known as â€Å"observational learning† (Carson et. al., 1992). Merely observing will infuse an attitude to the observer (Carson et. al., 1992). My Response: I feel that because the elements are stereo-typing inclined then it really means that it has the capability of affecting one’s personality/attitude (Carson et. al., 1992). 9) Question: Do you feel that you are better at tasks which are intrinsically motivated or extrinsically motivated? My Friend’s Answer: â€Å"I am not driven to carry out things. In fact, there are times when I do it only for the money; thus I am extrinsically motivated† (Brophy, 1998). My Response: I am just the opposite though, I do things without anything in exchange (Morris et. al., 2005). References Brophy, J. (1998). Motivation. Burr Ridge, IL: McGraw-Hill. Carson, R.C. Butcher, J.N. (1992). The World of Abnormal Psychology. New York: Harper Collins. Humanmetrics. (2007). Jung Typology Test. Retrieved March 13, 2008 from http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/JTypes1.htm Meyers, D. (2004). Psychology: Seventh Edition. New York: Worth Publishers. Morris, C.G. Maisto, A.A. (2005). Psychology: An Introduction, 12th Ed. New York: Prentice-Hall. Ticao, C. J. (2001). Introduction to Psychology. Quezon City: UP Press. White, U.P. (2008). Personal Interview.    How to cite Interview about Personality, Essay examples

Organisational Efficiency And Effectiveness †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: How HRM Contributes To Organisational Efficiency And Effectiveness? Answer: Introduction The role of human resource management for the success of any organisation and sustained competitive advantage can be measured by the effectiveness and efficiency of HRM teams of organisations. An effective management system in HR has proved to be a crucial component for gaining success in business. Effective HR will always lead its employees in engagement and commitment towards organisation while enhancing their satisfactions and work performance(Nelson, 2010). Effective HRM are been taken as superior element in companys performance. Organisational efficiency depends highly on selection process for right people along with putting them at right place in order to get maximum output from their expertise. Effective HRM will always perform human resource function that brings efficiency in organisational work flow. The task of HR managers does not limit to selection and recruitment process only but to maximise the use of available resources in more strategic manner. The role HRM can be fur ther divided according to their tasks and their part of role in different divisions like employee advocate, functional expert, human capital developer, HR leader, strategic partner, etc. Every organisation has their mission and vision which can be fulfilled by focussing and directing business towards superior level of competency. This element can be achievable only if the human resource managers practices effectively and efficiently through their strategic approach in organisations management(Groenwald, 2015). Fundamentally, the essential tools in human resource practice are training, staffing and performance maintaining that gives shape to organisational function in satisfying stakeholders needs. Stakeholders are normally those who are related to the firm who wants to achieve certain elements from organisation. For example stockholders would like to reap maximum outputs, customers desiring for good quality product or service, investors will always try to get best returns and employees who desires reasonable compensation and rewards(IGWE, 2014). HRM must follow common procedures and programmes on their practices while developing teamwork among staff and managers. To foster enhanced relationship, communication breakdowns need to be eliminated while emphasising on better corporate culture. To develop constructive and conducive vocation environment, The HRM must follow theories and model available in literature that enables sound management system in organisations(Karunaratne, 2016). A comprehensive HR strategy participates vitally for achieving organisations overall objective and exemplifies the role human resource management completely. The direction or the path required for poignant of the company in strategic manner require a HR policy that supports other strategies undertaken by marketing, operational, technological and financial departments. The requirement and aim of HR mangers should capture the people element through which the organisation can hold its sustaining nature for long term. A skilled HR manager will always develop organisational strategies in effective way rather simply summarising the requirement. For this HRM inculcates 5Ps model into their system that was developed by Milded Golden, Leslie and Chris J. White to enable modelling of five major elements in organisational structure. Purpose is the first element that states organisations mission and vision along with basic strategy and targets. Principal element states guidelines or assumptions that guides business including ethics and organisational culture. Third element is Processes that represent the internal structure and procedures used by company to produce product or service. Next are People or team who perform work in consistent manner abiding organisations rules and principles in order to achieve goals. Lastly Performance includes metrics and measured results that provide support to the management for making further decisions. To bring efficiency and effectiveness, this model is highly used by HRM in order to support and reinforce quality management in organisation(Nunes, 2016). To form an efficient HR practice in organisation, the HRs needs to follow certain guidelines. The HR managers must articulate clearly about their thought and what lies behind their strategy those have never been identified earlier. In order to identify issues, people need to be motivated and get committed towards organisation so that they operate in effective style. Issues regarding workforce planning along with fair treatment and motivation requires managers to retain recruitment and motivate employees while coordinating pay and rewarding across organisation in order to make alignment in potential pay and claims. HR managers will always show its people the way in which organisation could sustain easily and for that strategically performing is required to be ensured. In effective HR management system, the managers presents practical cases before developing HR strategy so that critical thought out is made and initiative taken is recognised by value it could provide organisation. If the management gives strong reason for proposed strategies, they may gain quick acceptance from others and thus can make themselves focus on good management performance. This strategy also brings in tendency for quick win and proves motivational for HRMs. On the other hand, encouraging present strategies is equally important and also needs to be considered simultaneously. Implementation of newer strategies generally is required during the times when companies make new acquisition or mergers and thus require initiating opportunities for accompanying HR strategy(Yusoff, 2009). In the year 1970, Evans Martin developed contingency theory for HRM that incorporates four basic characters in leaders. Those characteristics are participative, supportive, achievement and directive . This theory is immensely used by HR practitioners since this theory helps them to fit their component in business strategy while determining their participating style. This theory also suggests managers about ways in which motivation and performance boosting can be done for increasing effectiveness in workplace. Since this theory increases workers efficiency, the progress in work environment is visible and communication process is facilitated. A skilful management system provides employees improvement by satisfying them in their job field which is possible only if they are guided with clued-up managers(Anzalone, 2017). According to Harvard model in HRM, the framework that is required to consider central activity for developing HRM policy among employee is by resolving personal management problems. With changing demands of customer and emerging of newer technologies, meeting stakeholders demand has become difficult to achieve. The Harvard theoretical model has got features that keep alignment between managers responsibilities and competitive strategies of organisation. Mission of HRM policy keeps human activities in shape by giving them rewards and appraisals while recognising their work progress. Characteristics of Harvard Model such as relationship maintenance between shareholders, Stakeholders interest development, managing employees, adapting government regulations and developing workforce after analysing situational factors in systematic manner helps HRM achieve their success in tactful manner(Agyepong, 2010). With changing time, the role of HRM have become critical as they are not considered for managing work only but controlling human capital and process also. An efficient manager will always look at the complexities and challenges while meeting demands of businesses that can be in term of competition between foreign markets, emergence of technology, inculcating scientific researches or making major organisational change(Juan). As a result, the task of HRM becomes competent and challenging while executing business strategy and making match with available resources and human capital. Strategic decisions made shall consider training and development processes so that any new change of introduction is inculcated without much difficulty. Human capital theory encourages people to develop their ability and skill to enhance organisational potential and significance. Employees skill and knowledge will increase the economic value of organisation since efficient work of employees will help achievin g organisations outcomes in effective method(Vigneshwaran, 2008). Conclusion The human resource management suggests people about strategies and ways in which business resources can be managed. There are various functions performed by HR managers and thus HR professional are sometimes considered as consultants also. They are the advisories of managements and at the time of issues relating people or employees, HRM departments are approached. For example HR professionals advise management and supervisors about the process they could assign new employees or make placements for present employees according to their skill. Thereby HR managers help organisation adapt with the environment successfully while conducting functions on the basis of employees preferences(Shafer, 1998). Thus overall efficiency in workflow is enhanced by recognising potentiality of employees. By suggesting strategies for increasing dedication of employees toward organisation begins by recruiting or making match with right person to right job and thus effectiveness is build. Once the employees are placed according to their capabilities and qualifications, they feel challenging to compete and thus becomes motivated to outshine others(Bianca, 2017). HRM teams are solely responsible for gaining effectiveness and efficiency in organisation and to build such HRM team is not an easy task for organisation. On concluding note it can be said that to maintain work efficiency and effectiveness is fundamental role of HR team and to consider it has became important for organisations as they depend highly on them. References Agyepong, F. D. (2010). The applicability of the Harvard and Warwick models in the development of human resource management policies of large construction companies in Ghana. Retrieved from https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/bitstream/2134/11549/8/The%20Applicability%20of%20the%20Harvard%20and%20Warwick%20Models.pdf Anzalone, C. (2017). Structural Contingency Theory in Human Resources. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/structural-contingency-theory-human-resources-38519.html Bianca, A. (2017). The Role of Human Resource Management in Organizations. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/role-human-resource-management-organizations-21077.html Groenwald, J. (2015). Human Resource Management and Organizational Effectiveness. Retrieved from https://www.simplexpayroll.com/blog/2015/12/human-resource-management-and-organizational-effectiveness-2/ IGWE, J. U. (2014). Effective Human Resource Management As Tool For Organizational Success. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/9978194/Effective_Human_Resource_Management_As_Tool_For_Organizational_Success Juan, L. (n.d.). HR discretion: understanding line managers role in Human Resource Management. Retrieved from https://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/wbs/research/irru/publications/recentconf/juan_-_edw_-_lest.pdf Karunaratne, V. (2016). The Human Resources Management Practices -Models and Theories. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/human-resources-management-practices-models-theories-karunaratne Nelson, J. (2010). HR Focus Efficiency and Effectiveness. Retrieved from https://www.yourhrremedy.com/news/?p=18 Nunes, P. (2016). 5 P's Model Concepts. Retrieved from https://knoow.net/en/economics-business/management/5-p-model/ Shafer, L. D. (1998). From Human Resource Strategy to Organizational Effectiveness: Lessons from Research on Organizational Agility. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1124context=cahrswp Vigneshwaran. (2008). Human Capital Management Theory. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/doc/15580524/Human-Capital-Management-Theory Yusoff, H. S. (2009). HR Roles Effectiveness and HR Contributions Effectiveness: Comparing Evidence from HR and Line Managers. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41890942_HR_Roles_Effectiveness_and_HR_Contributions_Effectiveness_Comparing_Evidence_from_HR_and_Line_Managers

Coping with Ethical Issues at Workplace

Employees and boards of directors in an organization are linked together by a business manager. The latter acts as the point person when it comes to important matters affecting the operations of a company or business entity. The 21st century business environment has significantly transformed. As a result, there are myriads of ethical issues and dilemmas that managers face on a daily basis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Coping with Ethical Issues at Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Needless to say, they are supposed to confront such issues so that their organizations can run smoothly and profitably. It can be a challenge to deal fairly with everyone at workplace bearing in mind that employees are different both in terms of character and work input. To begin with, the 21st century managers regularly face the issue of ethical responsibility while discharging their duties. The subject of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has formalized the query about ethics in business. Modern business organizations are duly expected to give back to the communities they serve in a number of ways. For example, they should not merely focus on profitability at the expense of polluting the immediate environment. Contemporary organizations ought to be responsible to society even if the ideals of the free market economy prevail. As it stands now, there is a growing push for managers to adhere to corporate social responsibility even if it will cut down their profits. Awareness in regards to ethical issues is a priority for the modern-day managers. This implies that they should be fully conversant with several ethical issues while managing various business portfolios. In the case of corporate social responsibility, the 21st century managers sometimes find it economically burdensome to conform to the demands of both local communities and government authorities especially when they are compelled to foreg o growth agenda. A case in point is the issue of environmental protection. The green energy revolution demands heavy emitters of greenhouse gases to reduce their emission quotas. As much as it is ethically sound to adhere to such restrictions, managers find themselves at crossroads because the revenue base might be concurrently affected (Pomering and Johnson 433).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Non-market issues can be swiftly addressed by various ethical perspectives. Some of the issues include employment practices, environmental regulation and product safety. When corporate social responsibility is addressed using an ethical approach, the role of government on environmental regulation is assumed. One of the most profound ethical perspectives that can be used to address the above ethical challenge is utilitarianism. Our way of thinking is strongly influenced by this ethica l approach. For example, the perspective addresses the social efficiency criteria for corporations that produce in bulk. The benefits of actions and economic costs should be weighed appropriately when any corporate social responsibility is undertaken. The second ethical challenge for modern managers is discrimination. It is the moral responsibility of managers to address all arising cases of discrimination at workplace. Even in the 21st century, sexual orientation, gender, ethic origin and race are still key launch pads for discrimination in organizations (Tackett, Claypool and Wolf 9). This explains why several lawsuits on workplace discrimination have been heard in courts across the globe. Worse still, such accusations are usually very serious. In any case, the entire organization may be charged in a court of law for failing to stop issues related to workplace discrimination. In order for managers to be abreast with such an ethical challenge, they should take proactive steps to le arn and avoid every element of discrimination in organizations that they manage. For instance, managers should employ relevant factors such as ability and experience when hiring workers. The best ethical perspective that can be used to describe this ethical challenge is moral rights as proposed by Kant. This perspective focuses on individual and moral rights. In regards to reversibility of this perspective, it denotes that whatever is done to one person can be comfortably applied across the board without any complaint because it is deemed to be fair. If everybody is expected to act in a particular way, then the principle of universibility applies (Sharma and Sharma 93). In other words, every individual or employee at workplace should avoid discrimination. The Kantian moral rights perspective also attempts to expound the significance of affirmative action against equal opportunity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Coping with Ethical Issues at Workplace specific ally for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is vital to mention that workplace discrimination may also be aggravated by affirmative action. Equal opportunity and a level playing ground are prudent in eliminating all elements of discrimination within organizations. It is indeed true that the primary purpose of laws that govern the corporate social responsibility is to deter major players in the business world from executing certain operations that may be injurious to both the physical environment and human life. One of the main concerns in the operations of business organizations in the modern world is pollution. The latter has led to environmental degradation coupled with destruction of biodiversity. Pieces of legislations have played enormous role across the globe in ensuring that the corporate world adhere to the set standards of safe operations. In any case, the legal vein is a common feature that runs through the long history of CSR worldwide. Mo st jurisdictions have come up with positive law regimes to control or deter negative activities of business organizations. There are rare cases when organizations take voluntary initiatives to either give back to society or preserve the environment in lieu of their profit margins (Pies, Beckmann and Hielscher 269). During the better part of the 19th century, most corporate organizations adopted a trend whereby individuals used business institutions to benefit themselves at the expense of communities. A lot of emphasis was laid on the optimization of profits regardless of the devastating impacts. In any case, the concept of corporate social responsibility is a rather new development that came into existence after several laws were introduced. Legislative chattering paved way for social corporate responsibility in the business world. The assertion by John R. Boatright cannot be doubted. In recent times, business organizations have blatantly hijacked the concept of social corporate res ponsibility in marketing their respective portfolios (Arnold 102).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, John R. Boatright’s position can be supported by the fact a corporation exists within the confines of the law. Therefore, its operations are guarded by the law. Unless certain deterrent measures are put in place, business organizations might easily go against safety precautionary measures (Byrne 501). Responsibility is vital in the operations of business organizations. The wider society and key stakeholders usually expect corporations to abide by the set laws and regulations when running their businesses. Hence, a socio-legal approach is required whenever addressing the issue of corporate social responsibility. The challenges faced by the modern globalized world may be reduced substantially if business organizations stick to certain standards. This explains why legislation is enacted to make sure that these organizations stick to safe operations. There are two unique ethical perspectives of corporate social responsibility. These include the business roundtable an d Milton Friedman theories. According to Friedman, profit maximization should be the main focus of business organizations. However, the same corporations ought to adhere to primary rules of society. Second, principals of an organization are the shareholders (Svensson and Wood 303). On the other hand, agents are represented by the shareholders. They are usually supposed to optimize the wealth of shareholders. Besides, social good is only possible through the gains made by an organization. Hence, social corporate responsibility should be implemented through the profits made by an organization. The process of making and maximizing profit margins should fall within the best interests of the communities being served. It is also undemocratic for managers to utilize organizational resources in promoting societal goals. In the case of business roundtable ethical theory on corporate social responsibility, it is proper for a business organization to make private profit alongside serving the p ublic’s interest. Since corporation is a lawful entity, there should be rules governing its operations (Arnold, Beauchamp and Bowie 67). From the above discussions and ethical theories, it is evident that laws are established to deter corporations from infringing the basic rights of communities they serve. For example, business organizations are supposed to adhere to strict environmental laws and regulations when it comes to the generation and disposal of waste materials. It is also crucial to underscore the fact that corporations are established through legal provisions and that is why their operations are within given legal frameworks. For managers in the 21st century era, it is necessary for them to learn how to cope with the emerging ethical issues at workplace so that their organizations do not lose public reputation or run into losses. Works Cited Arnold, Denis, Tom Beauchamp and Norman, Bowie. Ethical theory and Business. New York: Pearson, 2013. Print. Byrne, Edmund. â€Å"Business Ethics should Study Illicit Businesses: To Advance Respect for Human Rights.† Journal of Business Ethics 103.4 (2011): 497-509. Print. Pies, Ingo, Markus Beckmann, and Stefan Hielscher. â€Å"Value Creation, Management Competencies, and Global Corporate Citizenship: An Ordonomic Approach to Business Ethics in the Age of Globalization.† Journal of Business Ethics 94.2 (2010): 265-278. Print. Pomering, Alan, and Lester Johnson. â€Å"Advertising Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives to Communicate Corporate Image.† Corporate Communications 14.4 (2009): 420-439. Print. Sharma, Richa, and Malvika Sharma. â€Å"Some Reflections on Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility.† Asia Pacific Journal of Management Entrepreneurship Research 3.2 (2014): 89-96. Print. Svensson, Goran, and Greg Wood. â€Å"A Model of Business Ethics.† Journal of Business Ethics 77.3 (2008): 303. Print. Tackett, James, Gregory Claypool, and Fran Wol f. â€Å"Economic Versus Moral Based Pedagogies for Business Ethics.† Journal of Business and Educational Leadership 3.1 (2011): 3-14. Print. This essay on Coping with Ethical Issues at Workplace was written and submitted by user Taraji Monroe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Books and Blogs About Cultural Appropriation

Books and Blogs About Cultural Appropriation Cultural appropriation is a complicated topic. Although the issue often appears in news headlines when clothing chains such as Urban Outfitters or singers such as Miley Cyrus and Katy Perry face accusations of cultural appropriation, the concept remains difficult for many people to grasp. The most simple definition of cultural appropriation is that it occurs when members of a dominant culture borrow from the cultures of minority groups without their input. Typically those doing the â€Å"borrowing,† or exploiting, lack a contextual understanding of what makes the cultural symbols, art forms and modes of expression significant. Despite their ignorance of the ethnic groups from which they borrow, members of the majority culture have frequently profited from cultural exploitation. Given that cultural appropriation is such a multi-layered issue, a number of books have been written about the trend. Members of marginalized groups have also launched websites specifically devoted to educating the public about cultural appropriation. This overview highlights noteworthy literature and websites about this persistent phenomenon. Cultural Appropriation And The Arts This book by James O. Young uses philosophy as the foundation to examine the â€Å"moral and aesthetic issues to which cultural appropriation gives rise.† Young highlights how white musicians such as Bix Beiderbeck to Eric Clapton have gained from appropriating African-American musical styles. Young also addresses the consequences of cultural appropriation and whether the trend is morally objectionable. Moreover, can appropriation lead to artistic successes? With Conrad G. Brunk, Young also edited a book called the Ethics of Cultural Appropriation. In addition to exploring cultural appropriation in the arts, the book focuses on the practice in archaeology, museums and religion. Who Owns Culture? - Appropriation and Authenticity in American Law Fordham University Law Professor Susan Scafidi asks who owns artforms such as rap music, global fashion and geisha culture, to name a few. Scafidi points out that members of culturally exploited groups typically have little legal recourse when others use their traditional dress, music forms and other practices as inspiration. The book is billed as the first to investigate why the United States offers legal protections for works of literature but not for folklore. Scafidi asks larger questions as well. Specifically, what does cultural appropriation reveal about American culture overall. Is it as innovative as widely thought or the byproduct of â€Å"cultural kleptomania?† Borrowed Power: Essays on Cultural Appropriation This collection of essays edited by Bruce Ziff focuses specifically on Western appropriation of Native American cultures. The book explores the artifacts, symbols and concepts typically targeted for appropriation. A range of people contributed to the book, including Joane Cardinal-Schubert, Lenore Keeshig-Tobias, J. Jorge Klor de Alva, Hartman H. Lomawaima and Lynn S. Teague. Native Appropriations This long-running blog examines representations of Native Americans in popular culture through a critical lens. Adrienne Keene, who is of Cherokee descent, runs the blog. She is pursuing a doctorate in Harvard University’s Graduate School of Education and uses the Native Appropriations blog to examine images of Native Americans in film, fashion, sports and more. Keene also offers tips to the public on combating cultural appropriation of Native peoples and discussing the issue with the person who insists on dressing up as a Native American for Halloween or supporting the use of Native Americans as mascots. Beyond Buckskin The Beyond Buckskin website not only addresses the appropriation of Native American fashion but also features a boutique with jewelry, accessories, clothing and more crafted by Native American designers. â€Å"Inspired by relevant historical and contemporary Native American clothing design and art, Beyond Buckskin promotes cultural appreciation, social relationships, authenticity and creativity,† according to the website. Jessica Metcalfe (Turtle Mountain Chippewa) maintains the website. She has a doctorate in American Indian Studies from the University of Arizona.

Comparing city planing,green policy between city of beijing China and Assignment

Comparing city planing,green policy between city of beijing China and city of Seoul, Korea. providing suggestions to Seoul Metropolitan Government - Assignment Example The city planning and the green policies enacted by the Seoul Metropolitan Government are meant to address these challenges. This paper explores the city planning measures and green policies enacted by Seoul Metropolitan Government and makes suggestions on how they could be improved. The paper then briefly explores Beijing’s city plans and green policies and draws lessons that could be learned by the Seoul Metropolitan Government to help improve Seoul. Seoul has had a series of urban plans since it started flourishing in the 1960s. Like most cities, the population has continuously been growing during this period. As people move towards the city, the space has continuously become a determining factor necessitating measures to be put in place so as to ensure right planning that supports sustainable development and growth of the city (SMG, 2006). The first plan was implemented between 1972 and 1981 and was geared towards growing the city’s facilities and infrastructure. The second plan was enacted between 1982 and 1991 and the thematic issue was distribution network. The third city plan was implemented between 1992 and 1999 and was geared towards the local development. The current Seoul’s city plan started being implemented in 2000 and is to be implemented until 2020. The current city plan is geared towards increasing Seoul’s international competitiveness (SMG, 2013). Seoul’s fourth city plan is known as the Master Plan. It has taken a different approach towards urban development. The Master Plan represents a paradigm shift from the traditional growth-driven models which focus on quantitative growth to a growth-management model which focuses on qualitative growth (SMG, 2013). The previous growth models that were implemented by Seoul Metropolitan Government were designed to achieve rapid growth. This was understandable given the fact that Seoul still had untapped potential and had not reached its optimal growth level. But now, faced with

Summary and Conclusion to executive audience Essay

Summary and Conclusion to executive audience - Essay Example The company expects to meet all the database application and reporting requirements by development of policies, guidelines, standards, and practices in connection to the project. If all the stages of implementation are followed to the latter, then Riordan Manufacturing will successfully implement the database project for use in the finance and accounting department of the company. The diagrams used in the implementation of the project should be easily understandable and it is recommended that the users should add proper notes that would assist and aid in terms of understanding all the diagrams completely. Design is the important stage of the implementation of the project and should be done with a close coordination with all other aspects of the physical information system design. Design should be followed by documentation to guide the users. Database application will then be met if all the stages of implementation are followed to the

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 22

Interview - Essay Example Answering the question was challenge because I expected to write about law. I revealed my state of lack of information concerning the question. His response was that there were many commonalities across the different types of law. He noted that for relevance, one should specialize in one of them, for instance, the criminal environment, the civil rights, and others. I stuck to my generalized approach, which the professor agreed. The first question I asked the professor was what kind of experience he had gained that are useful in his writings. He answered by telling me that experience gives writes a part of the story to tell the readers. He said that a writer has to be extremely relevant, which is why experience counts. He elaborated his life at the University where he was a member of the law editorial column of the school’s magazine. Experience formed a core of his writings because it quotes precise parts of both the federal and state legislations. He said that he needed to be as relevant as possible to the law so that his perspective may appeal to the readers. In answering the question, I learned that he meant that the practice of legal writing is not a creative writing, but a factual field with lots of criticism. What the professor had learned in life was a crucial element of his works. The next question, which I asked was if there was any limitation to the type of writing especially in style and thematic concerns. Mr. Weisberg replied that there were limitations of course to the themes and style of writing. He alluded to the lack of creative perspectives to legal writings. He said that the authors in such fields should stick to what is factual and not speculated of fictional. For instance, the authors should stick to the legal vocabulary because of its complexity. According to the professor, the legal vocabulary is so complex that even the lawyers have to keep referring to a continued relevance. He

A Pest Analysis Of Hsbc Bank Finance Essay

A Pest Analysis Of Hsbc Bank Finance Essay The political instability that the country has suffered throughout history and still has not only affected the general conditions of Pakistan but also the foreign investors and multinational countries. Though HSBC is a foreign bank and the reporting line is in Middle East and London but the political conditions in the country affects its activities to quite an extent as ultimately the State Bank of Pakistan supervises all the activities of all local and foreign banks. As a result of the political instability, the international investors hesitate keeping their money as they are afraid of frauds and the culture of Pakistan as it is popular for its bad and unorganized trends. (Zaidi, A., 2009. Issues In Pakistan Economy. 2nd ed. Karachi: Oxford University Press.) Economical Factors: Since the world economy is moving towards a recession, so Pakistan is no exception to the economic instability and uncertainty. The GDP growth in 2007 was the fastest in Asia i.e. 7 % and was lead by growth in consumption and investments. National savings rose only slightly, indicating the slow growth in bank deposits and is low by International standards. The causes of low savings have been the low per capita income, high dependency ratio, urbanization, lack of proper infrastructure in rural areas and inflation leading to rise in prices. Inflation is high due to high food prices which offset the demand management policies and the government subsidy on oil prices. As a result of high inflation, poverty is high and the productive capacity is stressed. In the year 2007 the services sector grew by 8% with high profit recorded and an overall contribution of over 50 % in the GDP. Monetary policy was tightened but inflation was still on the rise. The expansionary fiscal policy led to central bank borrowing and concessional finance for exports and textiles. Monetary growth was accelerated due to surge in external receipts. Monetary tightening was necessary given the exceptional growth in the money supply aggregating 19.2 % percent growth that was much higher than target of 5.3 %. This growth in money supply was due to excessive government borrowings, sharp rise in NFA due to external financing of deficit through Euro Bonds, US aid and multilateral loans. The State Bank of Pakistan raised the discount rate by 50 points to 9.5 %, SBP also drained excess liquidity from inter bank market and maintained overnight rates close to discount rates. As a result the interest rates rose and this impacted the loan quality, stringent provisioning requirements, increased capital requirements, the NPL ratio to loans declined. Liquid market for short term government papers exist, but long term debt instruments need to be developed. (Zaidi, A., 2009. Issues In Pakistan Economy. 2nd ed. Karachi: Oxford University Press.) Social Factors: Since the rise in prices, the general public has become conscious towards their spendings and is facing a decrease in their disposable income. They are saving less and as a result the growth in the bank deposits has slowed down. Due to the political, economical and law order situation being very uncertain, there is lack of trust found in the people of Pakistan on the financial institutions. Another aspect that adds to it is that people are less educated and unaware of how system works so rumors create great panic that result in problems in financial sector, hence affects HSBC also. (Zaidi, A., 2009. Issues In Pakistan Economy. 2nd ed. Karachi: Oxford University Press.) Technological Factors: With the advancement in technology and the increase of its usage, it has created many opportunities to all kinds of industries. There are now automated teller machines that have replace the conventional tellers, the whole banking systems have been automated assuring transparency in the system as a result of which the trust of the consumer has been gained. The internet technology has provided new avenues to work as online banking system is a common phenomenon in the west and is gaining popularity in Pakistan too. Many mobile and telecom companies are collaborating with the bank to reach out to the customers even more efficiently and conveniently. This has raised the level of the competition thus raising the pressures to compete in unique ways to add value. (Zaidi, A., 2009. Issues In Pakistan Economy. 2nd ed. Karachi: Oxford University Press.) Law Order: The instability of the legal system and lack of freedom of the judiciary has impaired the growth of the economy as investments have slowed down. The law and order situation has become from bad to worse. The potential foreign investors have backed out and those who have already invested face threats and insecurity. The recent past is filled with the bomb blasts and attacks on foreigners and since HSBC is a foreign bank, it too has been threatened and still faces fears. Recently the government of Pakistan has enforced a law pertaining micro-financing. This law suggests that all banks must have at least three of its branches in each rural sector. (Zaidi, A., 2009. Issues In Pakistan Economy. 2nd ed. Karachi: Oxford University Press.) Industrial Analysis General Driving Force Influencing the Industry: Size Scope: The overall size of the banking sector has reached Rs 5.0 trillion by end of the fiscal year 2007. Since HSBC has only recently entered the market, its current market share is approximately around a 2-3% of the total market. The scope of the banking industry is currently limited to only a few segments that are being targeted, and that are the consumer market, the corporate segment and the small and medium enterprises. Many other segments, such as segments based on demographics, age, gender etc. exist and can be targeted upon thus increasing the scope of activities. Currently the banking sector provide facilities of deposit, with drawl, lockers, ATMà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s, issuance of pay orders, demand drafts, transfer funds between accounts, issuance of cheque books, credit card facilities, loans account, online services, currency exchanges.( Hussain, I., 2009 Banking Sector in Pakistan. Dawn. 29 April, p.7) Influences: There has been more than two-fold increase in the loan portfolio in the past three years, which is considered to be high. Even though this strong expansion is accompanied with diversification across sectors as banks have ventured into relatively new areas like mortgage financing, lease finance, project financing (traditional business areas of non-bank financial institutions), aggressive lending tendencies have implications for the asset quality of the banking sector. While on-going mergers and acquisitions are aiding the process of consolidation of the banking sector, the resulting ownership structure is posing new challenges for the regulators and supervisors. Specifically, cross ownership à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ where banks own non-bank financial subsidiaries and associated companies, industrial and brokerage companies own banks etc., has increased the complexities of the banking sector. Similarly, cross border ownership of the banking sector involve home-host regulatory and supervisory issues. Effective supervision in this environment requires a strong coordinated supervisory mechanism and strong interface with other supervisory/regulatory agencies. Fortunately, none of the above issues poses a significant threat to the stability of banking sector in the current environment. The deceleration in credit growth and the growing emphasis on internal control and risk management systems will serve to enhance banking sector stability in the future. The on-going mergers acquisitions and increased minimum capital requirements are expected to play a key role in improving the stability of banking sector. .( Hussain, I., 2009 Banking Sector in Pakistan. Dawn. 29 April, p.7) The money supply and the aggregate demand of the economy are great influences that affect the banking sector. With the increase in the aggregate demand in the previous years that took place as a result of the consumption driven economic policies of the government, the demand for money in the whole system increased. Therefore the money supply increased. This resulted into a high inflation rate and increase in the prices. As a counter result the interest rates decreased, thus allowing the investors to borrow at low interest rate. Thus borrowings increased and deposits decreased. .( Hussain, I., 2009 Banking Sector in Pakistan. Dawn. 29 April, p.7) Porterà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Five Forces Bargaining Power of Customers: Bargaining power of customers is relatively high, as switching costs are low for customers to leave HSBC and gain banking services from other banks. Foreign banks like Royal Bank of Scotland, Barclays etc have entered the market and thus add to the local banks thus serving as the current competitors. .( Hussain, I., 2009 Banking Sector in Pakistan. Dawn. 29 April, p.7) Competitive Rivalry: Foreign banks are the direct competitors of HSBC that are striving for the same market share and customers. In addition, local banks have a long-term trust relationship with their customers, which still provide them an edge. The banks that are practicing Islamic banking in the Islamic State of Pakistan are the potential competitors. Since polarity in the country is increasing, the middle class segment is vanishing leaving only a hand full of the upper class and upper middle class segment to target. This segment too has now options of other multi nationals and can switch to them at any time. With a nicheà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ segment that is being targeted it is becoming tougher to fight for market share and customer retention. .( Hussain, I., 2009 Banking Sector in Pakistan. Dawn. 29 April, p.7) The local banks are fast to imitate and since the banking system is a very transparent one, imitation is easy, thus increasing the fight between the competitors. They are trying to capture the upper middle and the middle-middle class segment that are currently the customers of the multi national banks. With their relatively low interest rates charged to the customers and higher interest payback rates compare to HSBC, they are strong threats as they have extremely lowered the switching costs to the customers. .( Hussain, I., 2009 Banking Sector in Pakistan. Dawn. 29 April, p.7) Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Since the company is a financial institution, its supply is the money supply, that is supplied by the State Bank of Pakistan. Therefore, being the sole provider and supplier, its bargaining power is extremely high. The State Bank of Pakistan often imposes various restrictions on banks. Therefore, none of the banks are independent in policy making and cannot launch any product without prior permission of the State Bank of Pakistan. The banking history is replete with the examples that either Government of Pakistan or the State Bank of Pakistan puts ban on the marketability of the most successful products. All banks are restrained to independence in making their policies provided that they are not against the law and Islamic values. .( Hussain, I., 2009 Banking Sector in Pakistan. Dawn. 29 April, p.7) Substitutes: There are not many substitutes available. Those that are, are the share in the stock market and the government schemes such as the National Saving Schemes. The NSS is on a decline as these saving instruments are to their maturity and the customers have lost interest in them. The government has not been able to come up with any innovative saving schemes to attract the general public, therefore reducing the threat to of the substitutes to the banking industry. .( Hussain, I., 2009 Banking Sector in Pakistan. Dawn. 29 April, p.7) The Customer Analysis: The customers are segmented on the basis of traditional segmentation of the income levels. The high end of the segments, that is the upper middle and the upper elite class customers are not price sensitive and are willing to take high risks to earn high returns. They focus more on long term gains and are inclined towards making huge investments. They expect and demand superior customer services and consultancy required for their businesses and investments. One of their unfulfilled needs is the demand for customized and personalized business consultancies along with portfolio management consultancy and wealth management services.The lower end of the segment is more focused towards saving and small investments after careful analysis of the financial situation. They make short term plans and investments. The long term investments that they make are mostly the pension saving schemes or life insurances to safeguard their future income. They require good customer services but do not expect a first class treatment. .( Hussain, I., 2009 Banking Sector in Pakistan. Dawn. 29 April, p.7) Industry Life Cycle: The Banking Sector in Pakistan has emerged in its present form after passing through various stages of development in the last fifty years. At the time of independence, the new country had no bank of its own and commercial banking facilities were almost minimal and very outdated. With the creation of the country, the Habib Group brought over its entire set up to Pakistan and banking operation started. The State Bank of Pakistan was established through an Act on July 1, 1948 which marked the beginning of banking sector in Pakistan. In 1974, all the local banks in Pakistan were nationalized. Nowadays, the world is going through a financial crunch due to the economic recession in US Economy, therefore the prevailing boom in the banking industry has been affected too. In the local market though there are many unfulfilled gaps in the banking sector, with the current products and services that are being offered, the banking sector is saturated, with a number of foreign banks and many local one too. The banking sector is thus at its maturity stage, with instability and financial crunch effecting its processes at present. .( Hussain, I., 2009 Banking Sector in Pakistan. Dawn. 29 April, p.7)

Chicken Without a Fork :: Poems Essays

Chicken Without a Fork Tithing There is a faint illumination within the eye of a blighted soul.... Telling a story of many, many goodbyes, yet the riddles of a latent kin lurch violently from within. Nothing, nothing can fill the whole. Alone, I do ponder and stare across this stony barren of life. No worry, I understand the fare. Gently the waters of the Styx part. A hand extends, no blade or knife. ....A glancing gaze examines the heart. Rage Clenching my fists my knuckles are numb beating my pillow the hate I become. No lovely horizons my heart is numb beating my desire the hate I become. Her eyes, so beautiful my mind is numb beating my inhibition the hate I become. Gripping your throats my morals are numb beating my brothers it's you I've become. Liberty Nurture the aimless for aim is not to burden. Save for the nameless who, after all are pardoned. So the wicked stare across an ocean drying huddled within our care and yes, we are the ones dying. So venture not into the great unknown. Save yourself, blanketed by faith. As if our colors ever shown. Black, black as the lovely wraith. Liberty in her beauty does arbitrate a loving populace that can only fornicate. A Moment Burning and turning my stomach resists, anxious and determined my will persists. Fists are clenched, knuckles are white. Damning them all I long for the fight. My reason is gone so is the air, shifting my weight they sense the despair. I close my eyes longing for control while the demons abound; they've taken my soul. Mortality I watched as they gave their respects. I didn't know him. A friend of a friend. Light filtered through stained glass windows. Soft sobs and cries echoed off hallowed walls. I knew nothing of this man. I stood next to the coffin. His face, painted and plastic, longed to return. Then tears began to well within my eyes. How could this be? I didn't know him. Then I understood. With a light brush from my sleeve I wiped the tears from my face and Chicken Without a Fork :: Poems Essays Chicken Without a Fork Tithing There is a faint illumination within the eye of a blighted soul.... Telling a story of many, many goodbyes, yet the riddles of a latent kin lurch violently from within. Nothing, nothing can fill the whole. Alone, I do ponder and stare across this stony barren of life. No worry, I understand the fare. Gently the waters of the Styx part. A hand extends, no blade or knife. ....A glancing gaze examines the heart. Rage Clenching my fists my knuckles are numb beating my pillow the hate I become. No lovely horizons my heart is numb beating my desire the hate I become. Her eyes, so beautiful my mind is numb beating my inhibition the hate I become. Gripping your throats my morals are numb beating my brothers it's you I've become. Liberty Nurture the aimless for aim is not to burden. Save for the nameless who, after all are pardoned. So the wicked stare across an ocean drying huddled within our care and yes, we are the ones dying. So venture not into the great unknown. Save yourself, blanketed by faith. As if our colors ever shown. Black, black as the lovely wraith. Liberty in her beauty does arbitrate a loving populace that can only fornicate. A Moment Burning and turning my stomach resists, anxious and determined my will persists. Fists are clenched, knuckles are white. Damning them all I long for the fight. My reason is gone so is the air, shifting my weight they sense the despair. I close my eyes longing for control while the demons abound; they've taken my soul. Mortality I watched as they gave their respects. I didn't know him. A friend of a friend. Light filtered through stained glass windows. Soft sobs and cries echoed off hallowed walls. I knew nothing of this man. I stood next to the coffin. His face, painted and plastic, longed to return. Then tears began to well within my eyes. How could this be? I didn't know him. Then I understood. With a light brush from my sleeve I wiped the tears from my face and

Employee Motivation †A Short Case Study Essay

Rohit Narang joined Apex Computers (Apex) in November after a successful stint at Zen Computers (Zen), where he had worked as an assistant programmer. Rohit felt that Apex offered better career prospects, as it was growing much faster than Zen, which was a relatively small company. Although Rohit had enjoyed working there, he realized that to grow further in his field, he would have to join a bigger company, and preferable one that handled international projects. He was sure he would excel in his position at Apex, just as he had done in his old job at Zen. Rohit joined as a Senior Programmer at Apex, with a handsome pay hike. Apex had international operations and there was more than a slim chance that he would be sent to USA or the UK on a project. Knowing that this would give him a lot of exposure, besides looking good on his resume, Rohit was quite excited about his new job. Rohit joined Aparna Mehta’s five-member team at Apex. He had met Aparna during the orientation sessions, and was looking forward to working under her. His team members seemed warm and friendly, and comfortable with their work. He introduced himself to the team members and got to know more about each of them. Wanting to know more about his boss, he casually asked Dipti, one of the team members, about Aparna. Dipti said, â€Å"Aparna does not interfere with our work. In fact, you could even say that she tries to ignore us as much as she can.† Rohit was surprised by the comment but decided that Aparna was probably leaving them alone to do their work without any guidance, in order to allow them to realize their full potential. At Zen, Rohit had worked under Suresh Reddy and had looked up to him as a guide and mentor – always guiding, but never interfering. Suresh had let Rohit make his own mistakes and learn from them. He had always encouraged individual ideas, and let the team dicover the flaws, if any, through discussion and experience. He rarely held an individual member of his team responsible if the team as a whole failed to deliver – for him the responsibility for any failure was collective. Rohit remembered telling his colleagues at Zen that the ideal boss would be someone who did not interfere with his/her subordinate’s work. Rohit wanted to believe that Aparna too was the non-interfering type. It that was the case, surely her non-interference would only help him t grow. In his first week at work, Rohit found the atmosphere at the office a bit dull. However, he was quite excited. His team had been assigned a new project and was facing a few glitches with the new software. He had thought about the problem till late in the night and had come up with several possible solutions. He could not wait to discuss them with his team and Aparna. He smiled to himself when he thought of how Aparna would react when he told her that he had come up with several possible solutions to the problem. He was sure she would be happy with his having put in so much effort into the project, right from day one. He was daydreaming about all the praise that he was going to get when Aparna walked into the office. Rohit waited for her to go into her cabin, and after five minutes, called her up, asking to see her. She asked him to come in after tem minutes. When he went in, she looked at him blankly and asked, â€Å"Yes?† Not sure whether she had recognized him, Rohit introduced himself. She said, â€Å"Ok, but why did you want to meet me?† Rohit started to tell her about the problems they were having with the software. But before he could even finish, she told him that she was busy with other things, and that she would send an email with the solution to all the members of the team by the end of the day, and that they could then implement it immediately. Rohit was somewhat taken aback. However, ever the optimist, he thought that she had perhaps already discussed the matter with the team. Rohit came out of Aparna’s cabin and went straight to where his team members sat. he thought it would still be nice to bounce ideas off them and also to see what solutions others might come up with. He told them of all the solutions he  had in mind. He waited for the others to come up with their suggestions but not one of them spoke up. He was surprised, and asked them point-blank why they were so disinterested.  Sanjay, one of the team members, said, â€Å"What is the point in our discussing these things? Aparna is not going to have time to listen to us on discuss anything. She will just give us the solution she thinks is best, and we will just do what she tells us to do; why waste everyone’s time?† Rohit felt his heart sink. Was this the way things worked over here? However, he refused to lose heart and thought that maybe, he could change things a little.  But as the days went by, Rohit realized that Aparna was the complete opposite of his old boss. While she was efficient at what she did and extremely intelligent, she had neither the time nor the inclination to groom her subordinates. Her solutions to problem were always correct, but she was not willing to discuss or debate the merits of any other ideas that her team might have. She did not hold the team down to their deadlines not did she ever interfere. In fact, she rarely said anything at all! If work did not get finished on time, she would just blame her team, and totally disassociate herself from them. Time and again, Rohit found himself thinking of Sureshm his old boss, and of how he had been such a positive influence. Aparan, on the other hand, even without actively doing anything, had managed to significantly lower his motivation levels. Rohit gradually began to lose interest in his work – it had become too mechanical for his taste. He didn’t really need to think; his boss had all the answers.  He was learning nothing new, and he felt his career was going nowhere. As he became more and more discouraged, his performance suffered. From being someone with immense promise and potential Rohit was now in danger of becoming just another mediocre techie. Questions for Discussion 1.  What, according to you, were the reasons for Rohit’s  disillusionment? Answer the question using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. 2.  What should Rohit do to resolve his situation? What can a team leader do to ensure high levels of motivation among his/her team members?

Man of Steel essays

Man of Steel essays IN the years 1927 to 1953 a man who was exactly what the USSR needed took power, Joseph Stalin. From the start Stalin had a vision of what he wanted for the country and stuck to it. With doing this he led them through his amazing economic plan, and also prepared them for war. Joseph Stalin really was the man of steel. Stalin was one of the few leaders of the USSR who actually had a vision. Some may say that this vision was the reason for most of his success. From the very start of his leadership, he started the country moving forward and never backwards. One of Stalin's greatest achievements was the rapid industrialization of the Soviet Union with his economic plan. To have a strong economic system, a country needs the three factors of production; land, labor and capital. Stalin accomplished this more than any other former leader of the USSR. He may have been lacking in capital but he had a full workforce to provide labor, and he also controlled large amounts of land filled with natural resources. Under his rule industrialization of his country increased by thirteen percent. Much of the industrialization occurred within his five-year plans. From 1928 to 1937, the Soviet had many gains, all of which happened in only nine years. In 1904-1905 Russia was severely beaten in the Russo-Jap war. Stalin took note of this and saw that he had to prepare his country for another war, which he saw was coming. To do this, production of massive amounts of military weapons was established. Also, by warning his people of a war that may come, he brought his country closer together. Under his ruling, during World War II, the Soviet became the second most powerful nation in the world, economically and militarily Despite Stalins forceful tactics he got what he needed done and he got it done fast. How many leaders can say they accomplished as much as Stalin did in only ten months? He eliminated the people of opp ...

Attention Shoppers!

Attention Shoppers! "Attention Shoppers! The store will close at twelve due to the session!" It was the night before Christmas and I had one last present to buy for my mom. I had already got the rest of my family's presents and I had less then 30 minutes to get the last gift. The store was full everywhere I turned there was someone bumping my shoulder. I went to the jewelry department I did not have a lot of money to work with ($15.74 to be exact). I was looking for something that would mean a lot to my mom.As I was browsing through the jewelry department I stumbled past a display of gold rings. When I started to look through them I thought it was hopeless since most of them were men rings. All of a sudden I stopped and stared at the most perfect ring. It was gold with a mother and her son holding hands.I Am a WalletAll was good until I checked the price tag. It read $20.99. At this time I felt like all was lost. As I started to walk away I noticed a saint of a sign. The sign spoke of a 50 percent sale on all jewelry. Without thinking I turned around and took the ring to a register. This was all so perfect and there was but fifteen minutes left for the store to closed and I had all my shopping done. When I got to the register I placed the ring on the counter and waited for my tally, I reached for my wallet when all I found was pocket lint. My wallet had been picked pocketed. After settling down from the shock of my wallet gone missing, I went to put the ring back. On the way back thoughts were going...

Changes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Changes - Essay Example array of studies was conducted by Gendreau and Ross is 1987 that proved to be effective in proving certain reforms to be true and arranging the juvenile system is the set order. More researches are carried by the Greenwood and Zimring in 1985 that added several feature to secure the rights of the juvenile offenders and secure the made the juvenile justice system to be respected and responsive in solving the problems of the juvenile offenders. Similar types of researches are carried by the Altschuler and Armstrong in 1984 that made the juvenile justice system different from the general justice system in every method, proceedings and punishments. Most recently, the National Council on Crimes and delinquency evaluated how the system can be made more responsive in minimizing the crime rate by summarizing the previous reforms in the juvenile justice system. These reforms are made by Lipsey and other colleges of him in

Chinese Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Chinese Philosophy - Essay Example It became well established throughout the vast nation during the 300's A.D. It is surprising, then, to learn that at one time, most of the Chinese people viewed the religion with skepticism, considering it to be little more than a strange foreign cult. Many of the early Chinese converts to the Buddhist religion risked ostracism and persecution simply for practicing their beliefs. Buddhism reached China from India around 100 A.D. For many years, almost all Chinese subscribed to either of two native religions. One was Confucianism, which was based on the ideas of Confucius, the revered philosopher. The tenets of this belief system included obedience to authority, the promotion of education, societal order, and a deep respect for one's ancestors and for the past. Confucius was born about 550 B.C. and the religion based on his teachings emerged shortly after his death in the 470's B.C. The other traditional Chinese religion was Taoism. The basic teachings of this belief system included a reverence for nature and routine celebration of the faith's many protective gods. Taoism began during the 300's B.C. and is based on a book entitled the Tao Te Ching (The Classic of the Way and the Virtue). Taoism was also heavily influenced by elements of Chinese folk religion. When Buddhists first began to appear in China, most Chinese deeply mistrusted them. Their mistrust was easy to understand. According to Sources of Chinese Tradition, written by Theodore Debary, Buddhism was a radically different religion from both Confucianism and Taoism. Buddhism itself was founded about 500 B.C. in India by the teacher named Buddha. Buddha was born about 563 B.C. in southern Nepal. His actual name was Siddhartha Gautama. He was a member of a powerful royal family. Despite Gautama's wealth and high social standing, he was a deeply unhappy young man. At age 29, the future Buddha sank into a debilitating depression. He was convinced that life was full of misfortune and heartache. His feelings of melancholy caused him to leave his own family to seek spiritual enlightenment as an itinerant monk. After six years of nonstop traveling, Gautama finally experienced enlightenment. He was convinced that he had discovered why life was so full of woe. In addition, he was convinced that he had discovered how human beings could escape their feelings of misery. He soon had many followers. These followers called him Buddha, which means the Enlightened One. According to Theodore Debary in his work, Sources of Chinese Tradition, much of the Chinese people's initial misgivings about Buddhism stemmed from simple xenophobia (p. 277). China possessed one of the world's earliest great civilizations; Chinese writing history goes back thousands of years ago. The Chinese people were greatly accomplished, and not surprisingly, this great culture tended to view other peoples as being inferior. The Chinese seemed to view India with contempt, and many Chinese felt that a religion that came from India would have a negative, corrupting influence on the population (p. 277). Much mistrust was also triggered by simple and seemingly shallow cultural differences between the Indians and the Chinese. For example, many Chinese were originally dismayed upon learning that Buddhist clerics took vows of celibacy

Casenote Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Casenote - Case Study Example Though this judgement does not lay the law but has only followed precedents in general, it still stresses on the point that the findings of the Ombudsman are binding and also given the fact that the number of people affected by this judgement are many, it attempts to ensure that people are not left without any remedy by seeking reconsideration of the Recommendation by the Parliament. In the course of this case note we shall understand the facts of the case, the law that governed the Occupational Pension Scheme in the light of the precedents and also the discuss the judgement as to its correctness. The broad facts of the case are that the four claimants had individually believing in the information distributed by way of official government publication and also believing in their employer's word invested in the Occupational Pension Scheme only to land in financial crisis after retirement because of winding up. The companies of three out of the four claimants wound up and as a result they could not get more than a fraction of their pension amount, while in the case of the fourth, the pension scheme wound up thereby throwing him into financial crisis. The situation of the fourth claimant is worse as he is not even eligible for the Financial Assistance Scheme promoted by the government as his company is still solvent. Given such a situation, Members of Parliament had made various complaints to the Ombudsman regarding pension losses alleging firstly that the rights of pensioners were not protected, secondly that policy decisions were taken without referring to relevant evidence, th irdly relevant information being distributed was largely misleading material and lastly public bodies were causing unreasonable delay in winding up schemes. Based on these four allegations, the Ombudsman conducted an in depth investigation and relying on a government pamphlet disseminating pension information, submitted a detailed report before the Parliament consisting of findings and recommendations, wherein she held the State guilty of maladministration. In consequence the Public Administration Select Committee (PASC) considered her report along with the oral evidence presented by her and rejected her report completely except for one point. This rejection of the Parliament is the subject matter of the judicial review of the present case. Legal Background Prior to discussing the rationale behind the judgement, it is important to understand the legal background. It has been seen that traditionally pension schemes were governed by the law of trusts but later in 1995 the Pensions Act2 was enacted which dealt with occupational pensions. This Act brought about the establishment of the Occupational Pensions Regulatory Authority and also laid down the rules, regulations, rights and obligations of trustees and also introduced the concept of Minimum Funding Requirement or "MFR"3. The Act also stated that the assets and liabilities of a particular scheme should be equal at all times so that the assets balance the liabilities in case of any

Race vs. Ethnicity Essay Example for Free

Race vs. Ethnicity Essay If we were to go out on the streets today and ask â€Å"what is the difference between race and ethnicity?†, most people would probably answer â€Å"I don’t know† or â€Å" They are the same thing†. One of the most confused concepts of defining one another is the distinguishing of race and ethnicity. In the past, people either thought one was the other or there was simply no difference. Labeling people in the world is often done without proper knowledge and can lead to making a false accusation or offending someone. Race is associated with one’s biological ancestors, such as your physical appearance. While ethnicity is the identity with people who share similar cultural tradition. Ethnicity and race are different in many ways but are still often confused by many people today. For one thing ethnicity deals with one’s cultural background while race deals with a more genetic background. Geographers study where and why of ethnicity and its locations. Geographers also study where and why people of different races live where they are. Another difference between the two is that ethnicity isnt as easy to tell by just looking at someone. But if you looked at someone to determine their race you could just tell by their skin color. Say you put a Caucasian male from Canada, Germany, America, and Ireland together in a line; it would be very difficult to distinguish which one from which. But you can easily determine that all the males are Caucasian. Ethnic groups typically seek to define themselves by their language, traditions, and religion; while race is usually defined by skin color. Defining people through race usually leads to prejudice and racism, the belief of one’s race is of superiority than all the others. It is preferred by most people to be identified through their ethnicity, since it represents their culture and doesnt have the potential to be offensive. In conclusion, race and ethnicity are distinctly different yet are confused among most people of the world. Race is determined by skin color and physical attributes passed down from ancestors. Ethnicity is identifying with your cultural background including language, religion, and traditions. It is better to identify people through their ethnicities instead of their race to avoid offense. Most people do not know the difference between the two or think they are the same. Ethnicity and race connect in a way with each other, but they are and will always be distinct to one another.

E Coli On Bathroom Surfaces

E Coli On Bathroom Surfaces In this experiment, we aimed to test the common statement that Pine- O- Cleen kills 99.9 of E.Coli on bathroom surfaces .To test this myth we used sterile swabs, sterile physiological saline sterile pipettes. Tile was used to represent bathroom surface and E .coli culture to represent unclean or contaminated surface. E coli culture was spread on the tile with sterile glass spreader evenly and then Pine-O-Cleen was sprayed on it. Therefore in this experiment, the independent variable is the length of time E coli was on the surface of the tile used and the dependent variable is the number of E coli forming units (cfu) or the Percentage of E.coli cells remaining on the Nutrient Agar Plate and Malt extract plate after being cleaned using Pine-O-Clean and controlled variables were length of time E.coli was left on tile, type of bacteria onto the tiles (E.coli), the surface area that bacterial growth is tested on number of bacteria initially present on tiles By using sterile pipettes, sterile glass spreader and using a known concentration of e .coli culture (1 ml) and pine- o-cleen (1 ml) on both of the tiles used, other variables were controlled such as incubation temperature incubation time. Null Hypothesis: There is no difference in number of E. coli cells surviving on bathroom surfaces with or without treated with Pine -O-Cleen. The effect of pine o clean in removal of bacteria from a contaminated surface was tested in weeks 12 and 13. Basically we tested the effect of Pine-O-Cleen on E. coli cells on bathroom surfaces. The results of the experiment in week 12 identified that the number of cfu on each plate were too low to be accurate and dilutions did not had decreasing number of colonies and some plates had 0 colonies and even control had colonies in it , so calculations were not done that week. Results in week 13 we obtained approximated cfu were transferred from the bathroom tiles and after it was treated with pine -o- cleen. This was determined by counting cfu on pour plates of the undiluted solution from week 13. Table 1: Pour plate counts of serial dilutions and total number of colony forming units (cfu) transferred from the bathroom tile contaminated with E.coli culture to a swab and the ones treated with pine -o -cleen. * The values were accurate for wk 13 since they were in the range of 25-250 cfu/plate for 10-4, 10-5 dilutions and plates were having decreasing number of colonies as dilution factor was increasing. Interpretation and conclusion: As mentioned above, total number of bacteria transferred from the tile with E.coli which was contaminated and after it was treated with Pine Oà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ Cleen. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the pine O cleen has some effect on number of bacteria on the tile. Plates had decreasing number of colonies as dilution factor increased. There was roughly a 10 fold difference between successive dilutions. Although some bacteria survived the cleaning process, pine o cleen still kills germs on bathroom surfaces. Pine -O -Cleen possess antimicrobial substances and that surface bacteria die within minutes but it doesnà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t kill 99.9 of E .coli cells. In agreement with our results, previous studies have shown very little amount of pine o cleen is needed to kill a particular species of bacteria (Fidalgo, 2002). Other variables to consider is that length of time E.coli was left on tile, type of bacteria onto the tiles (E.coli), the surface area that bacterial growth is tested on number of bacteria initially present on tiles. Decontamination reagents used for flucloxacillin wipe sampling and degradation/stability tests included: isopropanol 50 and 70, ethanol 60 and 100, benzalkonium chloride 0.1 (Pine O Cleen), sodium hypochlorite 0.5 (Chloroclens), sodium hydroxide 0.03M and distilled water Previous studies have shown that Pine O cleen is very effective against bacteria and only 0.001 of bacteria was left behind after using Pine-O- Cleen . ( Fidalgo,2002). Based on our preliminary results, together with the results reported on other recent studies, which all suggest that pine -O-Cleen is effective against bacteria, we reject Null hypothesis since pine- o -cleen does have an effect on number of E.coli cells since in treatment we got 0 colonies. Critical evaluation of experimental design In week 12, we set out to evaluate the number of E. coli cells transferred from the surface of the bathroom tile with E .coli culture to a moistened swab. A dilution series was set up and spread plates of each dilution were performed. Unfortunately the number of CFU was too low to be accurate. Therefore the experimental design was modified in the second experiment in wk 13 to compensate for this problem. Due to limitation of the number of plates and bottles, the experiment was designed such that test in wk 12 were duplicated. We used 10-4, 10-5, 10-6 instead of 10-5, 10-6, 10-7.This introduced the possibility of variables due to potential differences in techniques and in concentration of E coli culture use. Therefore, the experiment could be improved by performing the duplicates at the same time, choosing treatments that altered the minimum of confounding variables, incorporating as many effective controls as possible, keeping number of replicates as high as feasible, Since total number of replicates available for the experiment were limited by resources, compromised between number of treatment and number of replicates per treatment, accounting for the time taken to apply treatments and then recording results, ensuring same number of replicates is present in each treatment, finding out the limitation on resources. If more materials were ordered like more bottles, tiles, NA plates it would have been ideal to increase the number of replicates for each test in order to make the results more statistically relevant. A recent study has demonstrated that the transfer of bacteria to food increased when cells were applied to the surface n the presence of growth media compared with dilution buffer (Moore et al, 2007). This additional variable could also be tested in future studies.

A Career in Education Essay -- career essays

A career in education can be a rewarding yet challenging field. Becoming a teacher is a unique career in which there will be various titles, from being a communicator, social worker, disciplinarian, evaluator, role model, and at times a parent. Being able to change the lives and mold minds of young children is something I have always wanted to do. Throughout my research and personal interview, I have discovered what my salary will be like, the lifestyle impact, future projections, and the credential requirements needed to accomplish becoming an educator. The requirements for becoming an educator vary from state to state because each state has its own set of rules when it comes to their educators. For example, Wisconsin requires that their educators have a Bachelor’s degree, pass the Praxis II exam and the edTPA (Teacher Performance Assessment) and that they know how to communicate, have knowledge of what they are teaching, understand different learning styles, children’s growth, know how to evaluate, manage a classroom and plan lessons (Teacher Education, Professional Development & Licensing). For UWM graduation requirements, I must complete a human relations class so that I know how to understand different cultures and how to communicate with different types of people. I also must have credits in fine arts, social sciences, and natural sciences; a minimum cumulative GPA of 2.75 in all professional education coursework, a full day/semester during the final year of the program for field experience, and earn a C or bette r in student teaching to be eligible (Academic Programs). According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the future employment projection for educators is expected to grow 17% from 2010 to 2020 simply because of... ...th long working hours teachers deal with a lot of emotional and physical stress; dealing with parents, administrators and behavioral issues, educators have to keep personal and emotional reactions separate from their professional reactions, when it comes to dealing with behavior issues in the classrooms and also dealing with difficult parents; learning how to cope and deal with tension and even sometimes hostile environments are all a part of being a teacher. Dealing with superiors is also stressful for teachers because although as an educator our job is to evaluate students, teachers also are evaluated themselves, and evaluations can heavily determine if they will continue to have a job in that specific school (Robin Grusko and Judy Kramer). Although there are beautiful and rewarding things that come with being a teacher, the personal life can be challenging.